Page 117 - 南京医科大学自然版
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第46卷第5期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年5月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·739 ·
·综 述·
微量元素硒与肿瘤风险及预后的研究进展
刘 敏,步丹丹,钱 旭 *
南京医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,江苏 南京 211166
[摘 要] 硒是人体必需的微量营养素,在维持氧化还原稳态、免疫功能及细胞稳态中发挥重要作用。随着营养流行病学、肿
瘤生物学及生物无机化学等学科的快速发展与交叉融合,硒在肿瘤发生、发展及预后中的潜在作用日益受到重视。大量流行
病学、动物实验及临床干预研究表明,体内硒代谢稳态或膳食硒摄入水平与多种肿瘤的发生风险、疾病进展及患者预后密切相
关。然而,不同人群、肿瘤类型及研究设计之间的结果存在差异,其效应呈现剂量依赖性、肿瘤特异性及个体异质性。文章系
统综述了近年来硒与常见肿瘤的流行病学和临床研究进展,总结不同肿瘤类型中硒暴露水平与肿瘤发病风险及预后的关系,
旨在为硒在肿瘤防治中的科学应用提供理论参考,并为未来开展大规模人群和临床干预研究提供理论依据。
[关键词] 微量元素;硒;肿瘤;风险评估;预后
[中图分类号] R730.5 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)05⁃739⁃13
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260041
Selenium and cancer risk and prognosis research progress
*
LIU Min,BU Dandan,QIAN Xu
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,
China
[Abstract] Selenium is an essential trace nutrient for the human body,playing a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis,
immune function,and cellular homeostasis. With the rapid development and interdisciplinary convergence of nutritional epidemiology,
tumor biology,and bioinorganic chemistry,the potential role of selenium in tumorigenesis,progression,and prognosis has garnered
increasing attention. Extensive epidemiological,animal experimental,and clinical intervention studies indicate that selenium metabolic
homeostasis or dietary intake levels are closely associated with the risk of developing various cancers,disease progression,and patient
prognosis. However,results vary across different populations,tumor types,and study designs,exhibiting dose⁃dependent effects,tumor
specificity,and individual heterogeneity. This systematic review summarizes recent epidemiological and clinical research progress on
selenium and common tumors,and summarizes the relationship between selenium exposure levels and tumor incidence risk and
prognosis in different tumor types. It aims to provide theoretical reference for the scientific application of selenium in tumor prevention
and treatment,and to provide theoretical basis for future large⁃scale population and clinical intervention studies.
[Key words] trace elements;selenium;cancer;risk assessment;prognosis
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(05):739⁃750,761]
癌症作为全球主要死因之一,已成为严重威胁 卫生组织数据显示,2022年全球新发癌症病例数已
人类健康和社会发展的重大公共卫生问题。世界 接近 2 000 万,预计 2050 年新发病例数将攀升至约
3 500万 。在全球癌症负担持续加重的背景下,单
[1]
[基金项目] 科技创新2030“癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性
纯依赖治疗手段已难以有效遏制癌症相关死亡,系
疾病防治研究”国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0500400);国家自
统识别并阐明影响癌症发生、发展及转归的可干预
然科学基金(82372990);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20230056)
因素,对于制定科学合理的预防策略、降低癌症发
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:xqianmedres@njmu.
edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0003⁃1533⁃8568) 病率和改善患者预后具有重要公共卫生意义。

