Page 120 - 南京医科大学自然版

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（续表1）
Name Symbol Main function Application/Mechanism/Physiological role
Thioredoxin reductase 3 TXNRD3 Links the thioredoxin and Involved in sperm maturation and reproductive function；also
GSH systems；antioxidant reg⁃ regulates inflammation and intestinal homeostasis
ulation
Type Ⅰ iodothyronine DIO1 Activates thyroid hormone by Regulates peripheral thyroid hormone levels；involved in basal
deiodinase converting T4 to active T3 metabolism and thyroid homeostasis
Type Ⅱ iodothyronine DIO2 Local T3 generation Regulates thyroid hormone signaling in brain，bone，and mus⁃
Deiodinase cle；influences development and energy metabolism
Type Ⅲ iodothyronine DIO3 Inactivates T3 Prevents excessive thyroid hormone action during fetal develop⁃
Deiodinase ment and stress conditions
Methionine sulfoxide re⁃ MSRB1 Repairs oxidized methionine Maintains protein structure and functional stability；involved
ductase B1 residues in immune regulation and antioxidant defense
Selenophosphate synthe⁃ SEPHS2 Selenocysteine precursor syn⁃ Key enzyme in the biosynthesis of all selenoproteins；central
tase 2 thesis node in selenium biology
Selenoprotein P SELENOP Selenium transport and anti⁃ Major plasma selenium carrier；regulates selenium supply to
oxidant function the brain and testes；associated with glucose metabolism，in⁃
sulin resistance，and cardiovascular health
Selenoprotein F SELENOF ER protein folding quality Involved in ER stress and unfolded protein response；plays
control roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation
Selenoprotein H SELENOH Redox signaling and cell cy⁃ Influences cell proliferation，differentiation，and antioxidant
cle regulation responses
Selenoprotein I SELENOI Phospholipid synthesis and Important for nervous system development and maintenance
membrane homeostasis of cellular membrane structure
2 +
Selenoprotein K SELENOK ER calcium homeostasis and Regulates Ca flux and immune cell activation；involved in
immune signaling inflammatory responses
Selenoprotein M SELENOM Energy metabolism and calci⁃ Associated with metabolic homeostasis，neuroprotection，and
um signaling regulation cognitive function
Selenoprotein N SELENON Muscle ER stability Mutations cause inherited myopathies；closely related to mus⁃
cle development and contractile function
Selenoprotein O SELENOO Mitochondrial ⁃ related func⁃ May participate in stress signaling and tumor⁃associated meta⁃
tions（to be clarified） bolic processes
Selenoprotein S SELENOS ER stress and inflammation Involved in ER⁃associated degradation and immune⁃inflam⁃
regulation matory responses
Selenoprotein T SELENOT Neural and metabolic homeo⁃ Plays roles in neurodevelopment，energy metabolism，and ER
stasis function maintenance
Selenoprotein V SELENOV Reproduction ⁃ and metabo⁃ Mainly expressed in reproductive tissues；involved in glucose
lism⁃related functions and lipid metabolism
Selenoprotein W SELENOW Antioxidant and muscle func⁃ Maintains muscle and bone homeostasis；associated with mo⁃
tion tor function and bone remodeling
H2O2：hydrogen peroxide；ROS：reactive oxygen species；GSH：glutathione；T3：triiodothyronine；T4：thyroxine；ER：endoplasmic reticulum.
［26］
癌风险中的作用引起了研究者的广泛关注。流行 癌发生过程中可能具有一定的保护作用 。然而，越
病学研究发现低硒状态可能与肺癌风险升高有关， 南的一项病例对照研究观察到膳食硒摄入与肺癌
但现有证据并不完全一致。中国近期开展的一项病 风险之间呈 U 形关联 ［27］ ，提示硒暴露水平过低或过
例对照研究发现，血液硒浓度较高者的肺癌发生风险 高均可能增加肺癌风险。在前瞻性研究方面，美国
显著降低，并呈现稳定的剂量⁃反应关系，提示硒在肺 南方社区队列研究发现，较低的血浆 SELENOP1 水