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（续表2）
Biomarker Association with
Type Core mechanism Clinical value
name CHD
Phe Risk biomarker Elevated/increased Induce oxidative stress in cardiac myo⁃ Supplementary indicator for potential
risk of cardiovascu⁃ cytes，activate cardiac fibroblasts，and risk assessment
lar events impair cardiac function

Gly Protective bio⁃ Independently neg⁃ Stabilize vascular collagen structure，ex⁃ Supplementary indicator for risk assess⁃
marker atively correlated ert anti ⁃ oxidative effects，exert anti ⁃ in⁃ ment
with AMI risk flammatory effects，and inhibit foam cell
formation
Tau Protective bio⁃ Reduce the risk of Exert antioxidant effects，regulate blood A potential target for auxiliary interven⁃
marker CHD progression lipids and glucose，improve vascular en⁃ tion，which can exert protective effects
dothelial function，and protect against via supplementation
myocardial ischemia⁃reperfusion injury
Cit Protective me⁃ Improve vascular Act as a reservoir substrate of L⁃Arg to Assist in evaluating vascular endothelial
tabolite vasodilation func⁃ regulate NO production，and participate function and provide a reference for NO
tion and enhance in ADMA catabolism to protect vascular pathway intervention
vascular vasodila⁃ endothelium
tion capacity
Ala Risk biomarker Indirectly increase Catabolism promotes hyperglycemia and Auxiliary assessment indicator for CHD
the risk of CHD is associated with insulin resistance risk associated with metabolic disorders

PAGln Risk biomarker Elevate/increase Activate adrenergic receptors，enhance Non ⁃ invasive risk prediction indicator
the risk of MACE platelet activity，and accelerate thrombosis independent of traditional risk factors
IS Risk biomarker Promote the pro⁃ Enhance oxidative stress and inhibit vas⁃ CHD risk indicator associated with gut
gression of AS cular endothelial NOS function microbiota⁃host metabolism cross⁃talk
IPA Protective me⁃ Negatively correlat⁃ Regulate the miR⁃142⁃5p/ABCA1 path⁃ Novel risk prediction tool indicating
tabolite ed with AS risk way，promote cholesterol reverse trans⁃ the potential for gut microbiota inter⁃
port，and reduce atherosclerotic plaque vention
area
BCAA/ Predictive bio⁃ Decreased ratio in⁃ Reflect insulin resistance and MetS sta⁃ Applicable to CHD risk stratification in
AAA ratio marker dicates elevated tus，and be associated with activation of populations with metabolic abnormali⁃
CHD risk vascular inflammation ties，and compensating for the limita⁃
tions of traditional biomarkers

利益冲突声明： ble for reviewing and revision.
所有作者声明无利益冲突。
［参考文献］
Conflict of Interests：
［1］ VIRANI S S，ALONSO A，BENJAMIN E J，et al. Heart
All authors declare no conflicts of interest.
作者贡献声明： disease and stroke statistics ⁃ 2020 update：a report from
崔入元负责文献收集、分析以及文章撰写；任琼迪负责 the american heart association［J］. Circulation，2020，141
本综述的框架设计；朱明军负责审核与修改。 （9）：e139-e596
Author’s Contributions： ［2］ 国家心血管病中心，中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写
CUI Ruyuan was responsible for literature collection，analy⁃ 组，胡盛寿. 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2023概要［J］. 中
sis，and manuscript drafting；REN Qiongdi was responsible for 国循环杂志，2024，39（7）：625-660
the framework design of this review；ZHU Mingjun was responsi⁃ National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases，Writing