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第46卷第5期
              ·758 ·                             南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2026年5月


              实现早期检测与实时监测具有重要意义。                                     ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis,treatment
                  虽然近年来LM的鞘内治疗在临床实践中显示                               and follow⁃up of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis
              出一定的应用前景,但仍面临多重挑战。一方面,                                 from solid tumours[J]. Ann Oncol,2017,28(suppl_4):
              最佳药物组合和给药方案尚未达成共识,不同药物                                 iv84-iv99
                                                                [4] LE RHUN E,DEVOS P,WELLER J,et al. Prognostic vali⁃
              及方案组合可能在疗效、不良反应及患者耐受性方
                                                                     dation and clinical implications of the EANO ESMO clas⁃
              面表现差异,急需系统化的临床验证与优化。另一
                                                                     sification of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tu⁃
              方面,尽管鞘内治疗可减轻全身不良反应,但其长                                 mors[J]. Neuro Oncol,2021,23(7):1100-1112
              期安全性仍存争议,重复给药可能导致神经系统不                            [5] BOIRE A,BRANDSMA D,BRASTIANOS P K,et al. Li⁃
              良反应,影响生活质量。                                            quid biopsy in central nervous system metastases:a RA⁃
                  此外,LM 鞘内治疗的临床研究推进困难,包括                             NO review and proposals for clinical applications[J].
              入组患者异质性大(如原发肿瘤类型、疾病分期及                                 Neuro Oncol,2019,21(5):571-584
              既往治疗史差异)以及患者相关的伦理考量(例如                            [6] HERRLINGER U,WIENDL H,RENNINGER M,et al.
                                                                     Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in leptomenin⁃
              侵入性操作的风险、复杂的知情同意过程、患者对
                                                                     geal metastasis:diagnostic and prognostic value[J]. Br J
              治疗的理解偏差以及严格的伦理审查要求)等问
                                                                     Cancer,2004,91(2):219-224
              题。目前可用于鞘内治疗的抗肿瘤药物种类有限,
                                                                [7] LE RHUN E,KRAMAR A,SALINGUE S,et al. CSF CA
              药物选择多依赖经验性用药或早期临床证据,缺乏                                 15⁃3 in breast cancer⁃related leptomeningeal metasta⁃
              精准化的患者选择与分层标准。其他制约因素还                                  ses[J]. J Neurooncol,2014,117(1):117-124
              包括疗效评估标准不统一、安全性监测不足以及长                            [8] CORSINI E,BERNARDI G,GAVIANI P,et al. Intrathe⁃
              期随访率低等问题。                                              cal synthesis of tumor markers is a highly sensitive test in
                  因此,LM 鞘内治疗仍处于探索阶段。未来应                              the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid can⁃
              重点开展以下工作:①加强基础研究以阐明药物在                                 cers[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2009,47(7):874-879
                                                                [9] WIJAYA J H,PATEL U D,QUINTERO⁃CONSUEGRA M
              CSF中的药代动力学、药效学及作用机制;②开展大
                                                                     D,et al. Liquid biopsy in the setting of leptomeningeal
              规模、多中心、随机对照临床试验,优化药物组合及
                                                                     metastases:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. J
              给药策略;③建立统一的疗效与安全性评估标准;
                                                                     Neurooncol,2023,165(3):431-438
              ④整合液体活检、生物标志物与影像学指标,提升                            [10]KUKSIS M,GAO Y Z,TRAN W,et al. The incidence of
              早期诊断与疗效预测能力。                                           brain metastases among patients with metastatic breast
                  利益冲突声明:                                            cancer:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Neuro
                  所有作者声明无利益冲突。                                       Oncol,2021,23(6):894-904
                  Conflict of Interests:                        [11]MILOJKOVIC K B,PLUIM D,BOL M,et al. EpCAM ⁃
                  The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.  based flow cytometry in cerebrospinal fluid greatly im⁃
                  作者贡献声明:                                            proves diagnostic accuracy of leptomeningeal metastases
                  查梦瑶负责稿件的撰写起草、稿件的修改;曹楷参与稿                           from epithelial tumors[J]. Neuro Oncol,2016,18(6):
              件的撰写起草;李薇提出概念、监督、资金提供。                                 855-862
                  Author’s Contributions:                       [12]NAKASU Y,DEGUCHI S,NAKASU S,et al. Diagnostic
                  ZHA Mengyao was responsible for writing,reviewing and  accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy and MRI for
              editing original draft;CAO Kai participated in writing original  leptomeningeal metastases in solid cancers:a systematic
              draft;LI Wei proposed the concept,provided supervision and  review and meta ⁃ analysis[J]. Neurooncol Adv,2023,5
                                                                    (1):vdad002
              funds.
                                                                [13]JEYAPALAN S A,BATCHELOR T T. Diagnostic evalua⁃
             [参考文献]
                                                                     tion of neurologic metastases[J]. Cancer Invest,2000,18
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                   gitis[J]. Lancet Neurol,2006,5(5):443-452    [14]LE RHUN E,WELLER M,VAN DEN BENT M,et al. Lep⁃
             [2] GAUTHIER H,GUILHAUME M N,BIDARD F C,et al.          tomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours:EANO⁃ESMO
                   Survival of breast cancer patients with meningeal carcino⁃  clinical practice guideline for diagnosis,treatment and
                   matosis[J]. Ann Oncol,2010,21(11):2183-2187       follow⁃up[J]. ESMO Open,2023,8(5):101624
             [3] LE RHUN E,WELLER M,BRANDSMA D,et al. EANO⁃     [15]SUBIRÁ D,SIMÓ M,ILLÁN J,et al. Diagnostic and prog⁃
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