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实现早期检测与实时监测具有重要意义。 ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis,treatment
虽然近年来LM的鞘内治疗在临床实践中显示 and follow⁃up of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis
出一定的应用前景,但仍面临多重挑战。一方面, from solid tumours[J]. Ann Oncol,2017,28(suppl_4):
最佳药物组合和给药方案尚未达成共识,不同药物 iv84-iv99
[4] LE RHUN E,DEVOS P,WELLER J,et al. Prognostic vali⁃
及方案组合可能在疗效、不良反应及患者耐受性方
dation and clinical implications of the EANO ESMO clas⁃
面表现差异,急需系统化的临床验证与优化。另一
sification of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tu⁃
方面,尽管鞘内治疗可减轻全身不良反应,但其长 mors[J]. Neuro Oncol,2021,23(7):1100-1112
期安全性仍存争议,重复给药可能导致神经系统不 [5] BOIRE A,BRANDSMA D,BRASTIANOS P K,et al. Li⁃
良反应,影响生活质量。 quid biopsy in central nervous system metastases:a RA⁃
此外,LM 鞘内治疗的临床研究推进困难,包括 NO review and proposals for clinical applications[J].
入组患者异质性大(如原发肿瘤类型、疾病分期及 Neuro Oncol,2019,21(5):571-584
既往治疗史差异)以及患者相关的伦理考量(例如 [6] HERRLINGER U,WIENDL H,RENNINGER M,et al.
Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in leptomenin⁃
侵入性操作的风险、复杂的知情同意过程、患者对
geal metastasis:diagnostic and prognostic value[J]. Br J
治疗的理解偏差以及严格的伦理审查要求)等问
Cancer,2004,91(2):219-224
题。目前可用于鞘内治疗的抗肿瘤药物种类有限,
[7] LE RHUN E,KRAMAR A,SALINGUE S,et al. CSF CA
药物选择多依赖经验性用药或早期临床证据,缺乏 15⁃3 in breast cancer⁃related leptomeningeal metasta⁃
精准化的患者选择与分层标准。其他制约因素还 ses[J]. J Neurooncol,2014,117(1):117-124
包括疗效评估标准不统一、安全性监测不足以及长 [8] CORSINI E,BERNARDI G,GAVIANI P,et al. Intrathe⁃
期随访率低等问题。 cal synthesis of tumor markers is a highly sensitive test in
因此,LM 鞘内治疗仍处于探索阶段。未来应 the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid can⁃
重点开展以下工作:①加强基础研究以阐明药物在 cers[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med,2009,47(7):874-879
[9] WIJAYA J H,PATEL U D,QUINTERO⁃CONSUEGRA M
CSF中的药代动力学、药效学及作用机制;②开展大
D,et al. Liquid biopsy in the setting of leptomeningeal
规模、多中心、随机对照临床试验,优化药物组合及
metastases:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. J
给药策略;③建立统一的疗效与安全性评估标准;
Neurooncol,2023,165(3):431-438
④整合液体活检、生物标志物与影像学指标,提升 [10]KUKSIS M,GAO Y Z,TRAN W,et al. The incidence of
早期诊断与疗效预测能力。 brain metastases among patients with metastatic breast
利益冲突声明: cancer:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J]. Neuro
所有作者声明无利益冲突。 Oncol,2021,23(6):894-904
Conflict of Interests: [11]MILOJKOVIC K B,PLUIM D,BOL M,et al. EpCAM ⁃
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. based flow cytometry in cerebrospinal fluid greatly im⁃
作者贡献声明: proves diagnostic accuracy of leptomeningeal metastases
查梦瑶负责稿件的撰写起草、稿件的修改;曹楷参与稿 from epithelial tumors[J]. Neuro Oncol,2016,18(6):
件的撰写起草;李薇提出概念、监督、资金提供。 855-862
Author’s Contributions: [12]NAKASU Y,DEGUCHI S,NAKASU S,et al. Diagnostic
ZHA Mengyao was responsible for writing,reviewing and accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy and MRI for
editing original draft;CAO Kai participated in writing original leptomeningeal metastases in solid cancers:a systematic
draft;LI Wei proposed the concept,provided supervision and review and meta ⁃ analysis[J]. Neurooncol Adv,2023,5
(1):vdad002
funds.
[13]JEYAPALAN S A,BATCHELOR T T. Diagnostic evalua⁃
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