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第46卷第5期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年5月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·717 ·
·临床研究·
儿童传染性单核细胞增多症阿昔洛韦治疗疗效的倾向性评分
匹配分析
程 珊 ,蒋承烨 ,刘 浩 1*
1
2
南京医科大学附属儿童医院感染性疾病科,药学部,江苏 南京 210008
1 2
[摘 要] 目的:采用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)法评估阿昔洛韦治疗不同年龄段儿童传染性单核细胞
增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)的疗效。方法:回顾性收集2018年1月—2023年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院感染科
收治的IM患儿病例资料。根据年龄分为婴幼儿期(<3岁)、学龄前期(4~6岁)和学龄期(7~13岁),按是否使用阿昔洛韦分为抗
病毒组与对照组。采用 PSM 法平衡基线混杂因素后比较两组预后指标差异。结果:共纳入 733 例 IM 患儿,年龄为(4.78 ±
0.51)岁。主要临床表现为颈部淋巴结肿大(96.0%)、发热(86.6%)、肝肿大(75.6%)、脾肿大(72.6%)、咽峡炎(68.9%)及眼睑水肿
+
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(57.4%)。PSM前,各年龄段患儿在发热、咽峡炎、肝脾肿大、血白细胞计数、异常淋巴细胞比例、CD4 /CD8 比值及血浆EBV⁃DNA
等方面差异有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。PSM后,婴幼儿期有46对、学龄前期有58对、学龄期30对得到匹配(P均> 0.05)。与
对照组相比,婴幼儿期抗病毒组咽峡炎消失、血白细胞计数<10×10 个/L所需时间长,血浆EBV⁃DNA < 500 copies/mL所需时间
9
短(P均< 0.05);学龄前期抗病毒组体温恢复、咽峡炎消失所需时间长,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)< 40 U/L
及血浆EBV⁃DNA < 500 copies/mL所需时间短(P均< 0.05);学龄期抗病毒组住院时间、体温恢复所需时间长(P均< 0.05)。两
组治疗后30 d,观察各年龄段脾肿大恢复情况,差异无统计学意义。结论:阿昔洛韦治疗可缩短婴幼儿期及学龄前期IM患儿
血浆EBV⁃DNA转阴时间,并促进学龄前期患儿肝功能恢复,但对临床症状改善作用有限。
[关键词] 传染性单核细胞增多症;阿昔洛韦;倾向性评分匹配法;儿童;疗效分析
[中图分类号] R725.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)05⁃717⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260243
Efficacy of acyclovir in children with infectious mononucleosis across different age groups:
a propensity score matching analysis
1 2 1*
CHENG Shan ,JIANG Chengye ,LIU Hao
1 Department of Infectious Disease,Department of Pharmacy,the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical
2
University,Nanjing 210008,China
[Abstract] Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of acyclovir in treating infectious mononucleosis(IM)among children of different age
groups using propensity score matching(PSM)method. Methods:This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized children
diagnosed with IM at the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients were
categorized into three age groups according to the age:the infancy and early childhood group(<3 years),preschool group(4⁃6 years),
and school⁃age group(7⁃13 years). According to whether acyclovir was administered,patients were divided into an antiviral group and
a control group. After balancing baseline confounding factors by the PSM method,the differences in prognostic indicators between the
two groups were compared. Results:A total of 733 children with IM were enrolled,with a mean age of(4.78 ± 0.51)years old. The most
common manifestations included cervical lymphadenopathy(96.0%),fever(86.6%),hepatomegaly(75.6%),splenomegaly(72.6%),
pharyngitis(68.9%),and eyelid edema(57.4%). Before PSM,there were statistically significant differences in fever,pharyngitis,
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hepatosplenomegaly,white blood cell count,proportion of atypical lymphocytes,CD4 /CD8 ratio and plasma EBV⁃DNA load among
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82073623)
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:liuhaoanhui@126.com(ORCID:0009⁃0003⁃0247⁃5755)
∗

