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第46卷第6期
               ·888  ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2026年6月


                                                     表1  研究人群基本特征
                                           Table 1 Basic characteristics of study population
                            Characteristics              Control group  Abnormal visual acuity  t/χ 2    P
                 Parental characteristics                   1 008               88
                  Maternal age(years,x ± s)             0 030.36 ± 3.79    0 030.96 ± 3.33    -1.604    0.151
                  Pre⁃pregnancy BMI[n(%)]                                                      1.105    0.776
                            2
                    <18.5 kg/m                            144(14.3)          14(15.9)
                    18.5-23.9 kg/m 2                      700(69.6)          59(67.0)
                    24.0-27.9 kg/m 2                      124(12.3)          13(14.8)
                    ≥28.0 kg/m 2                           38(3.8)            2(2.3)
                  Household income[n(%)]                                                       3.099    0.377
                    <50 000 yuan                           52(5.3)            8(9.2)
                    50 000-<1100 000 yuan                 262(26.9)          19(21.8)
                    100 000-<1200 000 yuan                455(46.7)          43(49.4)
                    ≥200 000 yuan                         206(21.1)          17(19.5)
                  Maternal education[n(%)]                                                     0.007    0.933
                    <12 years                              89(8.8)            7(8.0)
                    ≥12 years                             918(91.2)          81(92.0)
                  Mode of conception[n(%)]                                                     0.001    0.999
                    Spontaneous                           868(86.1)          76(86.4)
                    ART                                   140(13.9)          12(13.6)
                  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy[n(%)]                                     -       0.197
                    No                                    976(96.8)          84(95.5)
                    Chronic hypertension                   07(0.7)            0(0.0)
                    Gestational hypertension               10(1.0)            3(3.4)
                    Preeclampsia                           15(1.5)            1(1.1)
                  Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy[n(%)]                                          -       0.503
                    No                                    734(72.8)          59(67.0)
                    Diabetes complicating pregnancy        11(1.1)            1(1.1)
                    Gestational diabetes mellitus         263(26.1)          28(31.8)
                 Infant characteristics                     1 028               94
                  Sex[n(%)]                                                                    1.452    0.228
                    Boy                                   532(51.8)          42(44.7)
                    Girl                                  496(48.2)          52(55.3)
                  Plurality[n(%)]                                                              7.476    0.006
                    Singleton                             974(94.7)          82(87.2)
                    Twins                                  54(5.3)           12(12.8)
                  Gestational age(weeks,x ± s)          0 039.31 ± 1.58    0 039.29 ± 1.61     0.135    0.891
                  Preterm birth[n(%)]                                                          0.691    0.406
                    No                                    955(92.9)          90(95.7)
                    Yes                                    73(7.1)            4(4.3)
                  Low birth weight infant[n(%)]                                                 -       0.359
                    No                                    979(95.2)          92(97.9)
                    Yes                                    49(4.8)            2(2.1)
                  Breastfeeding duration[n(%)]                                                 2.539    0.281
                    <6 months                             231(22.7)          24(25.8)
                    6-12 months                           350(34.4)          37(39.8)
                    ≥12 months                            437(42.9)          32(34.4)
                  Age at visual acuity assessment(x ± s)  0 364.99 ± 8.12  0 364.06 ± 7.05     1.208    0.283
                  Age at neurodevelopmental assessment(x ± s)  1 095.74 ± 7.30  1 094.00 ± 7.72  2.099  0.028

                 Data were missing for pre⁃pregnancy BMI(n=2),household income(n=34),and breastfeeding duration(n=11). BMI:body mass index;ART:assist⁃
              ed reproductive technology.
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