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第46卷第6期
               ·890  ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2026年6月


                                         表3 不同条栅视力状态儿童神经发育欠佳的频数分布
                   Table 3 Distribution of the frequency of noncompetent neurodevelopment according to visual acuity status [n(%)]

               Noncompetent neurodevelopment  Total(n=1 122) Control group(n=1 028)  Abnormal visual acuity(n=94)  χ 2  P
                 Cognition                  52(4.6)          47(4.6)               5(5.3)          0.005  0.941
                 Receptive communication    39(3.5)          35(3.4)               4(4.3)          0.019  0.891
                 Expressive communication   45(4.0)          41(4.0)               4(4.3)          0.001  0.999
                 Fine motor                116(10.3)        104(10.1)             12(12.8)         0.398  0.528
                 Gross motor                77(6.9)          65(6.3)              12(12.8)         4.631  0.031

                                           表4 婴儿期条栅视力与3岁神经发育欠佳的关联
                      Table 4 Associations between infant visual acuity and noncompetentneurodevelopment at 3 years of age
                                                        Model 1 a                         Model 2 b
                         Outcome
                                                RR(95% CI)           P            RR(95% CI)           P
                   Cognition                   1.16(0.46-2.92)      0.748        1.09(0.42-2.84)      0.853
                   Receptive communication     1.25(0.44-3.52)      0.673        1.25(0.43-3.64)      0.687
                   Expressive communication    1.07(0.38-3.01)      0.905        1.17(0.40-3.41)      0.746
                   Fine motor                  1.26(0.69-2.29)      0.446        1.16(0.63-2.15)      0.628
                   Gross motor                 2.02(1.09-3.74)      0.025        1.96(1.03-3.70)      0.040
                 a:Unadjusted for covariates. b:Adjusted for maternal age,household income,maternal education,gestational age,pre⁃pregnancy BMI,plurality,hy⁃
              pertensive disorders of pregnancy,diabetes mellitus in pregnancy,sex,breastfeedingduration,age at visual acuity assessment,age at neurodevelopmen⁃
              tal assessment. RR:risk ratio;CI:confidence interval.

                                      表5 婴儿期条栅视力与3岁神经发育欠佳关联的性别分层分析
              Table 5  Associations between infant visual acuity and noncompetent neurodevelopment at 3 years of agestratified by child
                      sex
                                                                                            a
                     Variable     Control group[n/N(%)] Abnormal visual acuity[n/N(%)] Adjusted RR(95% CI)P value for heterogeneity
              Cognition                                                                             0.922
                Boy                  37/532(7.0)0           4/42(9.5)         1.15(0.39-3.39)0
                Girl                 10/496(2.0)0           1/52(1.9)         1.02(0.12-8.51)0
              Receptive communication                                                               0.846
                Boy                  27/532(5.1)0           3/42(7.1)         1.30(0.37-4.57)0
                Girl                 08/496(1.6)0           1/52(1.9)         1.68(0.18-15.58)
              Expressive communication                                                              0.796
                Boy                  33/532(6.2)0           3/42(7.1)         1.08(0.31-3.79)0
                Girl                  8/496(1.6)            1/52(1.9)         1.50(0.17-13.43)
              Fine motor                                                                            0.148
                Boy                  72/532(13.5)          10/42(23.8)        1.56(0.78-3.13)0
                Girl                 32/496(6.5)0           2/52(3.8)         0.48(0.11-2.02)0
              Gross motor                                                                           0.443
                Boy                  41/532(7.7)0          08/42(19.0)        2.31(1.03-5.21)0
                Girl                 24/496(4.8)0           4/52(7.7)         1.37(0.47-4.01)0
                 a:Adjusted for maternal age,household income,maternal education,gestational age,pre⁃pregnancy BMI,plurality,hypertensive disorders of preg⁃
              nancy,diabetes mellitus in pregnancy,breastfeeding duration,age at visual acuity assessment,age at neurodevelopmental assessment. RR:risk ratio;
              CI:confidence interval.

              表6。当分别排除双胎、早产儿、低出生体重儿及辅                           儿期条栅视力异常组3岁时大运动发育欠佳的风险
              助生殖受孕出生的儿童后,结果与主分析基本一                             在排除双胎后增加 136%(RR=2.36,95%CI:1.21~
              致。具体而言,与婴儿期条栅视力正常组相比,婴                            4.58)、在排除早产儿后增加 142%(RR=2.42,95%
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