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第46卷第6期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                  2026年6月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)    ·927  ·


               ·综     述·

                基于功能蛋白设计靶向多肽及小分子化合物:5个神经系统疾

                病候选药物的设计策略



                汤依然,李 迎,厉廷有           *

                南京医科大学药学院,江苏          南京 211166



               [摘   要] 目的:肽类化合物具有靶点亲和力强、特异性高、免疫原性低等优势,因此在明确靶点后可通过蛋白片段截短策略
                获得肽类化合物作为先导化合物,但肽类化合物存在稳定性差、口服生物利用度低、生产成本高等固有局限;相反,小分子具有
                口服生物利用度高、代谢稳定、生产成本低等优势。因此,通过分析肽类化合物与靶点蛋白的相互作用模式,筛选可模拟其作
                用方式并保留活性的小分子化合物就变得尤为重要。文章聚焦于阿尔兹海默病等难治性脑部疾病,通过5个典型转化案例,
                系统阐述了基于功能蛋白获取活性肽类化合物,解析肽类与靶向蛋白的作用模式,进一步获得靶向小分子化合物的研发路径,
                可为其他药物设计提供参考。
               [关键词] 肽类化合物;小分子化合物;结构改造;神经系统疾病
               [中图分类号] R918                     [文献标志码] A                       [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)06⁃927⁃08
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260146


                Design strategies of five candidate drugs for neurological diseases based on functional
                protein⁃targeted peptide and small molecule compound development

                TANG Yiran,LI Ying,LI Tingyou *
                School of Pharmacy,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China


               [Abstract] Peptide compounds exhibit the advantages of high target affinity,strong specificity,and low immunogenicity. Therefore,
                after clarifying the therapeutic target,peptide compounds can be obtained as lead compounds via the protein fragment truncation
                strategy. However,the inherent structural limitations of peptide compounds result in several drawbacks,such as poor stability,low oral
                bioavailability,and high production costs. In contrast,small ⁃ molecule compounds possess the prominent advantages of high oral
                bioavailability,metabolic stability,and low production costs. Thus,it is particularly important to screen small⁃molecule compounds
                that can mimic the action mode of peptides and retain biological activity by analyzing the interaction modes between peptide
                compounds and target proteins. Focusing on intractable brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,this paper systematically
                elaborates on the research and development pathway of deriving active peptide compounds from functional proteins,deciphering the
                interaction modes between peptides and target proteins,and further obtaining targeted small⁃molecule compounds through five typical
                transformation cases,which can provide a valuable reference for subsequent compound design.
               [Key words] peptide compound;small⁃molecule compound;structural modification;neurological disorder
                                                                              [J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(06):927⁃934]






                                                                      肽是氨基酸通过肽链连接形成的化合物,通常
                                                                  由2~50个氨基酸组成。自1922年加拿大生物学家
               [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82473768);江苏省自然科
                                                                  贝斯特从牛胰腺中提取胰岛素用于治疗1型糖尿病
                学基金(BK20231266)
                                                                      [1]
                ∗                                                 以来 ,肽类化合物的研究已发展了百余年。1963年
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:l_tingyou@njmu.
                edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃4216⁃2206)                 美国生物化学家罗伯特提出固相肽合成法,极大推
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