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第46卷第6期                  胡镐申,陈力迅. 孟德尔随机化在葡萄膜炎研究中的进展及应用[J].
                  2026年6月                      南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(6):919-926                      ·923  ·


                                               表1 MR研究支持的葡萄膜炎相关研究方向
                                     Table 1 Uveitis⁃related research directions supported by MR studies
                  Research  Risk/Protection  MR causal  Major biological mechanisms  Represents the  Clinical translational
                   level       factors      direction   (pathways of action)  conclusions of the study  enlightenment
                Immune     Levels of Th17,Increased risk Promotes pro ⁃ inflammatory Multi⁃cohort MR showed Immunosuppressive
                                   +
                cells  and NK,CD14 CD16  +  of uveitis  cell infiltration and ampli⁃ that enhanced immune target enhancement di⁃
                the  inflam⁃ monocytes  in⁃           fies IL⁃17/TNF inflammato⁃ cell activity was an inde⁃ rection:Th17/NK regu⁃
                matory axis  creased                  ry circuits           pendent risk factor  lation
                Vitamin  D 25⁃OHD levels de⁃ The risk of non⁃ Vitamin D deficiency→de⁃ MR supports but there Individualized vitamin
                levels     crease         infectious uve⁃ creased IL ⁃ 10→weakened are population differenc⁃ D supplementation is
                                          itis and scleri⁃ anti⁃inflammatory capacity  es and dosage differences recommended  rather
                                          tis rises                                            than a uniform dose
                Gut ⁃ ocular Changes in specif⁃ Imbalance  of Intestinal mucosal immune The“gut⁃eye axis”is sup⁃ Potential development
                axis(Micro⁃ ic flora abundance gut  microflo⁃ signaling affects dendritic ported in MR  of probiotic/FMT com⁃
                biota)    (e.g., ratio  rod ra→The  risk cells and systemic immune             bined  immunotherapy
                           rise,Lachnospira⁃ of AAU rises  responses                           strategies
                           ceae decrease)
                Lipid metab⁃ Enhanced DGAT1 Persistent  in⁃ Lipid  peroxidation  levels The lipid⁃Th17 immuno⁃ DGAT1 may be a nov⁃
                olism path⁃ activity leads to an crease  in control Th17 cell energy metabolic loop is sup⁃ el metabolic ⁃ immune
                ways       increase in Th17 chronic inflam⁃ and survival    ported by both experi⁃ combined target
                           survival       mation                            mental and MR methods
                Systemic im⁃ Ankylosing  spon⁃ Increased risk Systemic inflammatory net⁃ Multivariate MR clearly It is suggested that high⁃
                munological  dylitis, Crohn’ s of iridocyclitis  works share immune drivers independently related  risk groups should be
                comorbid  ⁃ disease                                                            followed up for oph⁃
                ities                                                                          thalmic screening
                Drug/meta ⁃ Probucol (lowers Increased risk Regulates the immune ⁃ in⁃ MR support has the pos⁃ Metabolic ⁃ immune
                bolic  inter⁃ HDL)        of  Behcet’ s flammatory  state  through sibility of real interven⁃ drugs can be used as
                ventions                  disease⁃associ⁃ metabolic pathways  tion             clues to new treatment
                                          ated uveitis                                         strategies

                一条假设,研究者需要寻找与暴露强相关的基因                                 为识别并校正此类偏倚,目前常采用MR⁃Egger
               (SNP 的 P<0.001),然而,“强相关”这一条件本身就                    回归和加权中位数法等敏感性分析方法。MR⁃Egger
                有理想化成分,具体操作中,相关基因通常只能解                            回归通过截距检验多效性,理论上可提供无偏估计,但
                          [32]
                释 3%~20%     ,这导致了 MR 分析结果的可信度往                   对工具变量的数量与强度较为敏感,统计效能有限;加
                往不如预期。在2022年的一项葡萄膜炎的研究中,                          权中位数法虽在部分工具无效时更具稳健性,却依赖
                在经过了相关的基因筛选后,无法得出青少年特发性                           于有效工具变量占多数这一前提。这些方法在实际
                关节炎相关葡萄膜炎与抑郁和焦虑的因果关系 。                            应用中仍面临一定局限,包括对工具变量质量的高度
                                                          [33]
                当然,随着基因库的进一步扩充、算法的进步,这一                           依赖、主要适用于定向多效性而对复杂多效性校正能
                问题极有可能得到有效解决。                                     力不足,以及结果易受人群遗传异质性的影响。

                4.3  水平多效性的影响与敏感性分析方法评估                               因此,在葡萄膜炎的MR研究中,建议结合多种
                    水平多效性是指遗传工具变量除通过目标暴                           敏感性分析方法进行交叉验证,并借助多变量MR、
                露影响结局外,还可能经由其他生物学路径直接影                            组织特异性表达数量性状位点(expression quantita⁃
                响结局,从而违背MR分析中的排他性假设,对因果                           tive trait locus,eQTL)共定位等进阶模型,共同提升
                推断构成干扰      [34-35] 。尤其在葡萄膜炎这类多通路交                因果推断的稳健性。随着多组学数据的不断积累,
                互的疾病中,由于遗传变异常具有广泛的免疫调节                            未来对水平多效性的识别与控制能力有望进一步
                功能,水平多效性风险较高,可能显著影响效应估                            增强,从而为葡萄膜炎的病因机制解析提供更可靠
                计的准确性。                                            的遗传学证据。
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