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第4期 总第129期                           南京医科大学学报(社会科学版)京医科大学学报(社会科学版)                             ·
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                 2025年8月                      Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)  · 383
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                      Factors influencing medical students’science popularization

                      competency: an integrated KAP and Rainbow Model analysis

                                      ZHANG Yan,WANG Tiantian,GAO Zhinan,YANG Hui
                                  School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China
                   Abstract:Based on the theoretical framework of the Knowledge⁃Attitude⁃Practice(KAP)theory and the
               Rainbow Model,this study systematically analyzes the key factors influencing the development of science
               popularization competencies among medical students using a dual analytical framework of“internal and external
               factors”. A total of 699 valid questionnaires were collected from a medical university. Linear regression models
               were employed to assess the association between science popularization competency (dependent variable)and
               the dual framework of internal and external factors(independent variables). The Shapley value decomposition
               method was further used to estimate the relative contributions of each variable to model fit. The results indicate
               that Internal factors,including knowledge(β=2.758),attitude(β=0.950),and practice(β=0.531),significantly
               promote science popularization competency. Among external factors, institutional ⁃ level influences also
               demonstrated a significant positive effect(β=0.714). Shapley value decomposition revealed that knowledge and
               attitude contributed most substantially to the science popularization competency. Knowledge,attitude,and
               practice serve as core driving forces of science popularization competency among medical students,while
               institutional factors act as critical supportive elements. Among internal factors,knowledge and attitude exhibit
               the highest explanatory power. The findings suggest that medical schools should prioritize both knowledge
               delivery and attitude guidance,while strengthening external support for health science popularization policies.
               This will effectively enhance the science popularization competencies of medical students and provide a solid
               foundation for improving public health literacy.
                   Key words:science popularization competency;medical student;knowledge⁃attitude⁃practice;rainbow
               model;influencing factors;Shapley value
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