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2025年8月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences) · 383
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Factors influencing medical students’science popularization
competency: an integrated KAP and Rainbow Model analysis
ZHANG Yan,WANG Tiantian,GAO Zhinan,YANG Hui
School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China
Abstract:Based on the theoretical framework of the Knowledge⁃Attitude⁃Practice(KAP)theory and the
Rainbow Model,this study systematically analyzes the key factors influencing the development of science
popularization competencies among medical students using a dual analytical framework of“internal and external
factors”. A total of 699 valid questionnaires were collected from a medical university. Linear regression models
were employed to assess the association between science popularization competency (dependent variable)and
the dual framework of internal and external factors(independent variables). The Shapley value decomposition
method was further used to estimate the relative contributions of each variable to model fit. The results indicate
that Internal factors,including knowledge(β=2.758),attitude(β=0.950),and practice(β=0.531),significantly
promote science popularization competency. Among external factors, institutional ⁃ level influences also
demonstrated a significant positive effect(β=0.714). Shapley value decomposition revealed that knowledge and
attitude contributed most substantially to the science popularization competency. Knowledge,attitude,and
practice serve as core driving forces of science popularization competency among medical students,while
institutional factors act as critical supportive elements. Among internal factors,knowledge and attitude exhibit
the highest explanatory power. The findings suggest that medical schools should prioritize both knowledge
delivery and attitude guidance,while strengthening external support for health science popularization policies.
This will effectively enhance the science popularization competencies of medical students and provide a solid
foundation for improving public health literacy.
Key words:science popularization competency;medical student;knowledge⁃attitude⁃practice;rainbow
model;influencing factors;Shapley value

