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南京医科大学学报(社会科学版)京医科大学学报(社会科学版)
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Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences) 2025年12月
Journal
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Research on gender differences in functional trajectories among older
adults and their influencing factors:an empirical analysis based on
CHARLS data from 2011 to 2020
1
2
LIU Xinping ,ZONG Zhanhong ,WEN Yong 1
1. School of Science,2. School of Sociology and Population Studies,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
Nanjing 210023,China
Abstract:This study aims to explore gender differences in the functional development of older adults in
China and the influencing factors of functional trajectories among older adults,to provide a basis for formulating
gender⁃sensitive health intervention strategies for older adults. Using data from the China Health and Retirement
Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2020,individuals aged 60 and above were selected as the study
population. Group ⁃ based trajectory modeling(GBTM) was employed to identify the dynamic functional
trajectories by gender,and analyze the influencing factors. Significant gender differences were found in the
functional development trajectories among older adults. The trajectories of men were classified as“stable and
healthy”“low baseline ⁃ stable ⁃ then declining”“low baseline ⁃ rapidly increasing”and“high baseline ⁃ slowly
increasing”. Among women,the categories were“stable and healthy”“low baseline⁃declining⁃then stable”“low
baseline⁃rapidly increasing”and“high baseline⁃slowly increasing”. The proportion of women in the“stable and
healthy”trajectory was lower than that of men. Demographic characteristics,lifestyle,and health status
significantly influenced the likelihood of individuals entering different functional trajectories,with influencing
factors varying across genders. Given the evident gender ⁃ specific patterns and heterogeneity of functional
development among older adults,it is essential to establish dynamic,gender⁃specific intervention mechanisms
to advance precise and personalized health management strategies for older adults.
Key words:older adults;gender;disability;group⁃based trajectory model;CHARLS; health management

