Page 131 - 第10期
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第41卷第10期          孙   冰,王海昌. 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病高危人群胆固醇管理的临床研究进展[J].
                 2021年10月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2021,41(10):1546-1551                      ·1549 ·


                件 20%~40%,Lp(a)绝对值降低 65.7 mg/dL 所带来                    1713-1722
                的获益与 LDL⁃C 降低 38.67 mg/dL 相当       [51-53] 。由此   [5] SCHWARTZ G G,STEG P G,SZAREK M,et al. Ali⁃
                可见寻找可有效降低 Lp(a)的治疗手段非常有必                               rocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coro⁃
                要。研究表明,PCSK9 抑制剂可降低 Lp(a)水平                            nary syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med,2018,379(22):2097-
                                                                       2107
                26.9%,但这并未降低心血管疾病的风险,但是在该
                                                                 [6] TASK FORCE MEMBERS,ESC COMMITTEE FOR
                试验中Lp(a)降低>37 nmol/L时,发病人群明显减少
                                                                       PRACTICE GUIDELINES (CPG),ESC NATIONAL
               [54]
                  。对于Lp(a)高于正常值或有基础心脏病的人群,
                                                                       CARDIAC SOCIETIES. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for
                反寡义核苷酸可有效降低血浆 Lp(a)水平,在以 20                            the management of dyslipidaemias:lipid modification to
                mg/周注射时,可降低血浆Lp(a)80%,但是其是否可                           reduce cardiovascular risk[J]. Atherosclerosis,2019,
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                以减少ASCVD事件需要进一步验证 。                                    290:140-205
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                3  总 结
                                                                       and oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system[J]. Curr
                    目前最新的大型临床研究以及指南的数据均来                               Pharm Des,2017,doi:10.2174/138161282366617092613
                                                                       0338
                自国外,我国尚缺乏相关领域的实践。事实上关于
                                                                 [8] CHEN L W,LIN C S,TSAI M C,et al. Pitavastatin exerts
                ESC与EAS对于高危ASCVD人群LDL⁃C<1.4 mmol/L
                                                                       potent anti ⁃ inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects
                的指南推荐,是否合乎我国国情尚存疑虑。赵冬教
                                                                       via the suppression of AP⁃1 signal transduction in human
                授团队对我国普通人群进行了长达 20 年的队列研                               T cells[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2019,20(14):3534
                究随访,分析 LDL⁃C 水平与 ASCVD、肿瘤性死亡以                    [9] DE LA CRUZ J A,MIHOS C G,HORVATH S A,et al.
                及出血性脑卒中之间的关系,结果显示:LDL⁃C水平                              The pleiotropic effects of statins in endocrine disorders
                与 ASCVD 风险正相关,与肿瘤性死亡不相关,与出                            [J]. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets,2019,
                血性脑卒中负相关 。且 LDL⁃C <1.8 mmol/L 相关                       19(6):787-793
                                                                 [10] FORD I,MURRAY H,MCCOWAN C,et al. Long ⁃ term
                的出血性脑卒中风险远远高于 LDL⁃C ≥ 1.8 mmol/L
                                                                       safety and efficacy of lowering low⁃density lipoprotein cho⁃
                相关的出血性脑卒中风险(HR:6.10 vs. 3.77),此结
                                                                       lesterol with statin therapy:20⁃year follow⁃up of west of
                果在高血压人群中更加显著             [56] 。降低胆固醇水平可
                                                                       scotland coronary prevention study[J]. Circulation,2016,
                有效减少ASCVD事件的发生,而LDL⁃C仍然是现阶
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                段治疗的主要靶点,对于血压正常的患者,建议强化                          [11] CHOLESTEROL TREATMENT TRIALISTS’COLLABO⁃
                治疗LDL⁃C<1.4 mmol/L,而对于血压高的患者需要                         RATION. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older
                同时控制好血压。另外依折麦布、PCSK9 抑制剂等                              people:a meta ⁃ analysis of individual participant data
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