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性,目前研究结果存在一定的争议。一方面研究者 Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ⁃
们在体内外证实了GM3可以通过AKT/IκB⁃α/NF⁃κB meta ⁃ analytic assessment of prevalence,incidence,and
通路抑制血管内皮生长因子诱导的细胞间黏附分 outcomes[J]. Hepatology,2016,64(1):73-84
子和血管细胞粘附分子⁃1等炎性因子的产生,从而 [7] POVSIC M,WONG O Y,PERRY R,et al. A structured
literature review of the epidemiology and disease burden
减轻炎症反应;另一方面,GM3 可以通过抑制 NF⁃
of non⁃alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)[J]. Adv Ther,
κB、AP⁃1 和 MAPKs 信号通路缓解 LPS 诱导的 RAW
2019,36(7):1574-1594
264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应 [23] 。然而,此前相关研究发
[8] LEPORQ B,LAMBERT S A,RONOT M,et al. Simultane⁃
现GM3可通过PI3K/Akt途径促进TNF⁃α的表达,并且
ous MR quantification of hepatic fat content,fatty acid
促炎细胞因子 TNF⁃α和 IL⁃1β可以促进脂肪细胞中 composition,transverse relaxation time and magnetic sus⁃
GM3合成酶的表达以及GM3的产生 。此外,与野生 ceptibility for the diagnosis of non⁃alcoholic steatohepati⁃
[34]
型小鼠相比,敲除了GM3合成酶基因的小鼠表现出 tis[J]. NMR Biomed,2017,30(10):doi:10.1002/
更高的胰岛素敏感性作用,并可抵御高脂饮食诱导 nbm.3766
的肥胖和炎症状态 。 [9] LUUKKONEN P K,ZHOU Y,SADEVIRTA S,et al. He⁃
[34]
NAFLD的病症较为复杂,它包括脂质堆积和炎 patic ceramides dissociate steatosis and insulin resistance
症纤维化等因素,这几种因素相互影响从而对肝脏 in patients with non ⁃ alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. J
Hepatol,2016,64(5):1167-1175
GM3 的水平产生影响。随着近年来对细胞膜脂质
[10] SIMON J,OURO A,ALA⁃IBANIBO L,et al. Sphingolip⁃
的研究越来越重视,我们对细胞膜上脂质的认识也
ids in non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular
越来越深入,因此检测组织中的鞘脂水平、磷脂及鞘
carcinoma:ceramide turnover[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2019,21
糖脂等脂质水平是非常重要的。本研究初步探讨了 (1):40
NAFLD的肝脏中神经节苷脂GM3的变化,也为后续 [11]KARTSOLI S,KOSTARA C E,TSIMIHODIMOS V,et al.
实验提供了有用的线索。 Lipidomics in non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. World
此外,未来的研究不仅应检查本研究中所包含 J Hepatol,2020,12(8):436-450
的脂质,还应包括GM2和Gb3等来自GM3生物合成 [12] SVEGLIATI⁃BARONI G,PIERANTONELLI I,TORQUA⁃
途径中的其他复合神经节苷。探索这些糖鞘脂蛋 TO P,et al. Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of li⁃
白在 NASH 发生发展进程中的变化,对于更好地理 potoxicity in non ⁃ alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Free
Radic Biol Med,2019,144:293-309
解NASH中GM3的病理生理学是必要的。
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[参考文献] id metabolism in non ⁃ alcoholic fatty liver diseases[J].
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