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第43卷第3期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                  2023年3月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)     ·343 ·


               ·基础研究·

                不同固定方法对初级纤毛蛋白免疫荧光的影响



                李田元,王 悦,艾紫荷,刘 晨,俞婷婷,程                    雁 ,乐    珅 *
                                                           *
                南京医科大学基础医学院医学遗传学系,江苏 南京                   211166




               [摘   要] 目的:比较不同固定方法对动物细胞初级纤毛组分免疫荧光染色的影响,探究初级纤毛免疫荧光成像的优化策
                略。方法:选择4%多聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde,PFA)、甲醇(MeOH)、10%三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid,TCA)固定细胞,后续使
                用相同的透化、封闭、抗体孵育条件,最后比较相同拍摄参数下初级纤毛的成像效果。结果:PFA固定法可使纤毛轴丝蛋白和
                部分纤毛膜蛋白有更好的染色效果,MeOH固定法可以更清晰地展现纤毛底部定位的蛋白。相比前两种方法,TCA固定的细
                胞虽然纤毛轴丝的染色效果很差,但适用于部分纤毛膜蛋白和轴丝结合蛋白。除荧光强弱不同外,使用不同方法固定后染色
                得到的蛋白定位也有微小差异。结论:3种固定方法在初级纤毛免疫荧光实验中各有优劣,需要综合考虑实验目的以及目标
                蛋白的特点进行选择。
               [关键词] 初级纤毛;固定;细胞免疫荧光
               [中图分类号] R329.24                   [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2023)03⁃343⁃07
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNS20230307



                The comparison of different fixation methods on primary cilia immunofluorescence
                                                                            *
                LI Tianyuan,WANG Yue,AI Zihe,LIU Chen,YU Tingting,CHENG Yan ,YUE Shen  *
                Department of Medical Genetics,School of Basic Medicine,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China



               [Abstract] Objective:To compare the effects of different fixation methods on primary cilia immunofluorescence in mammalian cells
                and to investigate the optimized strategy of primary cilia immunofluorescence imaging. Methods:Cells were fixed with 4%
                paraformaldehyde(PFA),methanol(MeOH)or 10% trichloroacetic acid(TCA),followed by the same conditions of penetration,
                blocking and antibody incubation,and finally the primary cilia imaging results were compared under the same shooting parameters.
                Results:PFA fixation resulted in the better imaging of ciliary axoneme proteins and part of the ciliary membrane proteins,and MeOH
                fixation showed more clear imaging of the proteins localized at the bottom of cilia. Compared with other two methods,TCA fixation was
                suitable for some ciliary membrane proteins and axoneme binding proteins although the staining signal of ciliary axoneme was weak. In
                addition to the variations of fluorescence intensity,there were also minor differences in protein localization observed by staining after
                fixation using different methods. Conclusion:Each of the three fixation methods has their own advantages and limitations in
                immunofluorescent staining of primary cilia,and the appropriate fixation method needs to be selected with comprehensive
                consideration of the experimental purpose and the characteristics of target protein.
               [Key words] primary cilia;fixation;cellular immunofluorescence
                                                                           [J Nanjing Med Univ,2023,43(03):343⁃348,379]




                    初级纤毛是一种存在于大多数类型细胞表面                           丝)。基体是初级纤毛生长的基础结构,由 G0期细
                的特化细胞器,有两个重要组成部分(基体和轴                             胞的中心粒组装而成,位于纤毛底部;而轴丝是由
                                                                  基体延伸出来的微管骨架,如天线一样突出细胞表
                                                                  面,外被细胞膜,其上分布着多种特异性定位的蛋
               [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82173291,82172629)
                                                                    [1]
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:yueshen@njmu.edu.cn;
                ∗                                                 白 。初级纤毛突出细胞的部分与位于胞内的部分
                sycheng@njmu.edu.cn                              (即基体与轴丝)之间还存在一个被称为“过渡区”
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