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第44卷第10期                 李飞阳,许鹏飞,李大可. 自主神经系统与癌症相互作用的研究进展[J].
                 2024年10月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2024,44(10):1408-1418                      ·1413 ·


               (续表1)
                                              Experimental
                   Cancer type   Neurotype                     Effect               Mechanism of action
                                                 method
                Breast cancer  Sympathetic nerve Propranolol  Promote cancer  Increasing the expression of PD⁃1, PD⁃L1 and FOXP3 [13]
                                                           development
                                             Isoproterenol              Stimulating M2 type TAM to secrete VEGF and pro⁃
                                                                        mote angiogenesis [18] ;simulating β2AR;the expression
                                                                        of RANKL ligand in bone marrow stromal cells promo⁃
                                                                                      [32]
                                                                        ting bone metastasis
                              Parasympathetic  Vagus nerve  Inhibit cancer  Decreasing the expression of PD⁃1 and PD⁃L1 [13]
                              nerve          transection   development
                Gastric cancer  Sympathetic nerve -        Inhibit cancer  -
                                                           development
                              Parasympathetic  Vagus nerve  Promote cancer  CHRM3⁃Wnt signaling pathway and stem cell expan⁃
                                                                           [35]
                              nerve          transection   development  sion
                                             Botulinum toxin            Stimulating tumor secretion of NGF ⁃ TrK signaling
                                                                              [37]
                                             type A                     pathway
                Colorectal cancer  Sympathetic nerve -     Inhibit/promote  β2AR significantly correlated with tumor grade,size,
                                                           cancer       infiltration and lymph node metastasis [15-16]
                                                           development
                                                                                                         [38]
                              Parasympathetic  Bethanechol treat⁃ Promote cancer  α9⁃nAChR inncreasing the expression of MMP
                              nerve          ment          development
                                                                                                        +
                Melanoma      Sympathetic nerve Cold exposure  Promote cancer  Decreasing the expression of PD⁃1 in CD8 T cells;
                                                           development  increasing the expression of IFN⁃γ [23]
                                             Propranolol
                                             6⁃OHDA
                Liver cancer  Sympathetic nerve -          Promote cancer  - [14]
                                                           development
                              Parasympathetic  -           Promote cancer  -
                              nerve                        development
                Cervical cancer  Sympathetic nerve Catecholamine  Promote cancer  Stimulating β2AR,upregulating Sirt1,and producing
                                                                                         [34]
                                                           development  chemotherapy resistance
                Head and neck  Sympathetic nerve 6⁃OHDA    Promote cancer  Decreasing miR⁃34a;peripheral sensory nerves differe⁃
                oral squamous                              development  niating into adrenergic nerves [9]
                cell carcinoma
                                                                                             [17]
                Leukemia      Sympathetic nerve Neuroprotective  Promote cancer  Stimulating β2AR⁃JAK2⁃MPN
                                             agents        development
                   -:Not mentioned in the article.

                α9⁃nAChR 促进结直肠癌的进展          [15] 。对肝癌患者样          要的蛋白质,其中神经生长因子(nerve growth fac⁃
                本的研究表明副交感神经标志物囊泡乙酰胆碱转                             tor,NGF)是最重要的成员,它有两种受体:高亲和力
                运 体(vesicular acetylcholine transporter,VAChT)的   受体酪氨酸激酶 A(tyrosime kinase A,TrkA)和低亲
                高表达会加快肝癌进展,与较差的临床结局相关 。                           和力受体p75NTR。在肿瘤微环境中,NGF过度分泌
                                                          [14]
                                                                                                     [44]
                因此,副交感神经在多种肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移以                            促进了癌细胞和神经细胞的增殖与迁移 。胰腺癌
                及耐药中同样发挥着重要作用。                                    细胞在营养匮乏时分泌NGF,驱使神经元细胞轴突
                                                                                                          [45]
                                                                  释放丝氨酸,从而为胰腺癌细胞提供营养支持 。神
                3  神经活性分子
                                                                  经营养因子及其受体参与了肿瘤细胞和神经细胞
                3.1  神经营养因子                                       之间的信号传导。在儿茶酚胺的作用下,肿瘤细胞
                    神经营养因子是神经元生存和发育中至关重                           可以分泌另一个重要的神经营养因子 BDNF,进而
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