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第45卷第10期                王乙淼,王 泽,佘雨竹,等. 丰富环境改善5×FAD小鼠社会行为障碍[J].
                 2025年10月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2025,45(10):1375-1385                      ·1381 ·


                         A                                                             B
                                        SE                         EE
                                                                                           2 200
                                                                                          NeuN cells/mm 2  1 800
                                                                                           2 000
                                                                                           1 600
                                                                                           1 400
                                                                                           1 200
                                                                                                 SE EE
                                                                   50 μm
                                                                      NeuN/6E10/DAPI
                C         SE            EE        D             E         SE             EE       F
                                                     1.3                                              1.2
                                                    MIOD of PSD⁃95  1.1                              MIOD of SYP  1.0
                                                     1.2
                                                                                                      1.1
                                                     1.0
                  PSD⁃95                             0.9           SYP                                0.8
                                                                                                      0.9
                                                     0.8                                              0.7
                                                         SE EE                                            SE EE
                                            50 μm                                            50 μm

                                                    (nm)  52.5      (nm)  21.0       348           (nm)  1.145
                G                                H                I              J              K
                         SE             EE                                          (nm)
                                                                                     346
                                                                     20.5
                                                                                                    1.140
                                                     52.0
                  Synapses                          Thickness of the PSD  51.5  Cleft width  20.0  Length of active zones  344  Synaptic curvature  1.135
                                                                                     342
                                                                     19.5
                                                     51.0
                                                                                                    1.130
                                                                                     340
                                                                                                    1.125
                                                     50.5
                                                                     19.0
                                           50 μm     50.0  SE EE     18.5  SE EE     338  SE EE     1.120  SE EE
                   A:Representative immunofluorescence images of the neuronal marker NeuN in the mPFC region of mice(scale bar:50 μm). B:Number of neurons
                per unit area in the mPFC in different groups of mice(n=6). C:Representative immunohistochemical images of PSD⁃95 in each group of mice(scale bar:
                50 μm). D:Statistical chart showing the mean integrated optical density(MIOD)of PSD⁃95 in each group of mice(n=6). E:Representative immunohis⁃
                tochemical images of SYP in each group of mice(scale bar:50 μm). F:Statistical chart showing the MIOD of SYP in each group of mice(n=6).
                G:Representative transmission electron microscope images showing synaptic morphology in the mPFC of mice from different groups(scale bar:500 nm).
                H-K:Quantification of PSD(H),synaptic cleft width(K),active zone length(J),and synaptic curvature(I)in SE(50 synapses)and EE(50 synapses)
                groups(n=5 for each group).
                                           图3 EE并未改善5×FAD小鼠mPFC的突触相关指标
                               Figure 3 EE did not improve synapse⁃related indicators in the mPFC of 5×FAD mice
                    A          SE        EE              B  1.2            C   1.3           D   2.0  P=0.030
                                                            IOD of PSD⁃95  1.0  IOD of SYP  1.0  IOD of MBP  1.0
                      PSD⁃95                   -85 kDa      1.1                1.2               1.5
                                                                               1.1
                                               -38 kDa
                        SYP                                 0.9
                                               -22 kDa      0.8                0.9               0.5
                        MBP                    -17 kDa                         0.8
                                               -15 kDa      0.7                0.7                 0
                                                                SE EE              SE EE             SE EE
                      GAPDH                    -37 kDa
                   A:Representative Western blot bands of PSD⁃95,SYP,and MBP in the mPFC of mice from each group. B-D:Statistical analysis of grayscale
                values of PSD⁃95(B),SYP(C),and MBP(D)Western blot bands in the mPFC of each group of mice(n=6).
                                           图4  不同饲养条件下突触和髓鞘相关蛋白的表达水平
                         Figure 4  Expression levels of synapse and myelin⁃related proteins under different housing conditions

                视觉、听觉和嗅觉刺激,能够激活多个脑区的神经                            表明,EE 能够减轻 AD 模型小鼠中 Aβ沉积和 tau 蛋
                网络,增强突触可塑性,并优化情绪调节功能                    [23-24] 。  白神经原纤维缠结       [26-27] ;促进脉络丛外泌体的分泌,
                这与既往研究发现相一致,即保持积极的生活方式                            从而改善认知功能 。此外,EE还显著增加了新生
                                                                                   [9]
                不仅有助于延缓与年龄相关的行为衰退,还能显著                            神经元的数量,提升突触可塑性,进而缓解了记忆
                降低患AD及其他神经退行性疾病的风险                   [25] 。研究     缺陷  [28] 。基于这些生物学机制,EE 已被广泛纳入
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