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第45卷第10期
               ·1504 ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2025年10月


              过深入研究不同类型CAF的功能差异,可以为乳腺                           轴促进乳腺癌转移。
              癌的治疗提供新的靶点和个体化治疗策略。                               2.1.1 生长因子
                                                                     CAF 通过分泌多种生长因子,促进乳腺癌细胞
              2  CAF在乳腺癌转移中的作用
                                                                转移。其中,转化生长因子⁃β(transforming growth
                  尽管乳腺癌患者因多样化治疗手段生存率显                           factor⁃beta,TGF⁃β)是关键调控因子:CAF 通过激活
              著提升,但晚期转移仍是其主要死因。肿瘤转移是                            肿瘤细胞的 TGF⁃β/Smad 信号通路诱导 EMT,显著
              一个多步骤的复杂过程,涵盖原发灶增殖、上皮⁃间                           增强侵袭能力       [17] 。CAF 中小窝蛋白⁃1 的缺失会促
              充质转化(epithelial⁃mesenchymal transition,EMT)、      进 TGF⁃β的分泌,进一步强化肿瘤干细胞的特性及
              循环系统播散及远端器官定植,这一过程依赖于肿                            转移潜力。此外,CAF 分泌的骨形态发生蛋白

              瘤细胞与微环境的协同作用。近年研究发现,CAF                          (bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)拮抗剂 Gremlin 1
              在乳腺癌转移的多个阶段发挥作用。接下来,将重                           (Grem1),通过抑制骨形态发生蛋白信号通路促进
              点阐述CAF驱动原发性乳腺癌转移的关键机制。                            成纤维细胞活化、癌细胞浸润及血管外渗                   [18-19] ,这一

              2.1  细胞因子                                         过程被认为是转移级联反应的起始步骤。此外,当
                  如图1所示,CAF通过分泌多种细胞因子,包括                        正常成纤维细胞被乳腺癌细胞重编程后,肝细胞生
              生长因子、趋化因子和 IL,在 TME 中介导关键信号                       长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)的分泌水平


                                                      表1   CAF亚型分类
                                               Table 1  Classification of CAF subtypes
                Source of    CAF
                                        Marker            Character                      Function
               classification  subtype
               Wu SZ et al [14]  myCAF  ACTA2,FAP, It is manifested as collagen deposi⁃ Secrete a large amount of ECM component,
                                      PDGFRα,    tion and ECM remodeling   MMP,etc.,promoting the migration and inva⁃
                                       COL1A1,                             sion of tumor cells,and driving tumor metasta⁃

                                       COL1A2                              sis and immune escape
                             iCAF    CXCL12,IL6, Regulate the tumor immune micro⁃ Promote the migration of tumor cells,regulate
                                     FAP,PDGFRα environment by secreting inflam⁃ immune responses,and facilitate tumor progres⁃
                                                 matory factors            sion
               Bartoschek M  vCAF    NIDOGEN⁃2, Promote angiogenesis and en⁃ By promoting the proliferation and migration of
               et al [15]               MCAM     hance the oxygen and nutrients re⁃ vascular endothelial cells and accelerating tu⁃
                                                 quired for tumor growth   mor angiogenesis,it provides the oxygen and nu⁃
                                                                           trients needed by tumor cells
                            mCAF      PDGFRα,    Enhance the stiffness of ECM to By enhancing the hardness of the matrix,it pro⁃
                                       SPARC     support tumor cells in breaking motes tumor cells to break through the base⁃
                                                 through the basement membrane ment membrane
                                                 and invading surrounding tissues
                             dCAF      SCRG1     Promote changes in the tumor mi⁃ Promote changes in the tumor microenviron⁃
                                                 croenvironment through develop⁃ ment through developmental regulation to sup⁃
                                                 mental regulation         port the continuous growth of tumor cells
                             cCAF    KI⁃67,TOP2α  Promote changes in the tumor mi⁃ Promote the continuous growth and metastasis
                                                 croenvironment through prolifera⁃ of tumor cells
                                                 tion regulation

               Brechbuhl   CD146(+)    CD146,    It is similar to the expression of Maintain ER expression in tumor cells and en⁃
                     [16]
               HM et al      CAF       Vimentin  normal breast matrix genes  hance tamoxifen sensitivity
                           CD146(-)   Vimentin,  It is similar to the expression of Inhibit ER expression and mediate tamoxifen re⁃
                             CAF      CD146(-)   matrix genes in breast cancer  sistance
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