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过深入研究不同类型CAF的功能差异,可以为乳腺 轴促进乳腺癌转移。
癌的治疗提供新的靶点和个体化治疗策略。 2.1.1 生长因子
CAF 通过分泌多种生长因子,促进乳腺癌细胞
2 CAF在乳腺癌转移中的作用
转移。其中,转化生长因子⁃β(transforming growth
尽管乳腺癌患者因多样化治疗手段生存率显 factor⁃beta,TGF⁃β)是关键调控因子:CAF 通过激活
著提升,但晚期转移仍是其主要死因。肿瘤转移是 肿瘤细胞的 TGF⁃β/Smad 信号通路诱导 EMT,显著
一个多步骤的复杂过程,涵盖原发灶增殖、上皮⁃间 增强侵袭能力 [17] 。CAF 中小窝蛋白⁃1 的缺失会促
充质转化(epithelial⁃mesenchymal transition,EMT)、 进 TGF⁃β的分泌,进一步强化肿瘤干细胞的特性及
循环系统播散及远端器官定植,这一过程依赖于肿 转移潜力。此外,CAF 分泌的骨形态发生蛋白
瘤细胞与微环境的协同作用。近年研究发现,CAF (bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)拮抗剂 Gremlin 1
在乳腺癌转移的多个阶段发挥作用。接下来,将重 (Grem1),通过抑制骨形态发生蛋白信号通路促进
点阐述CAF驱动原发性乳腺癌转移的关键机制。 成纤维细胞活化、癌细胞浸润及血管外渗 [18-19] ,这一
2.1 细胞因子 过程被认为是转移级联反应的起始步骤。此外,当
如图1所示,CAF通过分泌多种细胞因子,包括 正常成纤维细胞被乳腺癌细胞重编程后,肝细胞生
生长因子、趋化因子和 IL,在 TME 中介导关键信号 长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)的分泌水平
表1 CAF亚型分类
Table 1 Classification of CAF subtypes
Source of CAF
Marker Character Function
classification subtype
Wu SZ et al [14] myCAF ACTA2,FAP, It is manifested as collagen deposi⁃ Secrete a large amount of ECM component,
PDGFRα, tion and ECM remodeling MMP,etc.,promoting the migration and inva⁃
COL1A1, sion of tumor cells,and driving tumor metasta⁃
COL1A2 sis and immune escape
iCAF CXCL12,IL6, Regulate the tumor immune micro⁃ Promote the migration of tumor cells,regulate
FAP,PDGFRα environment by secreting inflam⁃ immune responses,and facilitate tumor progres⁃
matory factors sion
Bartoschek M vCAF NIDOGEN⁃2, Promote angiogenesis and en⁃ By promoting the proliferation and migration of
et al [15] MCAM hance the oxygen and nutrients re⁃ vascular endothelial cells and accelerating tu⁃
quired for tumor growth mor angiogenesis,it provides the oxygen and nu⁃
trients needed by tumor cells
mCAF PDGFRα, Enhance the stiffness of ECM to By enhancing the hardness of the matrix,it pro⁃
SPARC support tumor cells in breaking motes tumor cells to break through the base⁃
through the basement membrane ment membrane
and invading surrounding tissues
dCAF SCRG1 Promote changes in the tumor mi⁃ Promote changes in the tumor microenviron⁃
croenvironment through develop⁃ ment through developmental regulation to sup⁃
mental regulation port the continuous growth of tumor cells
cCAF KI⁃67,TOP2α Promote changes in the tumor mi⁃ Promote the continuous growth and metastasis
croenvironment through prolifera⁃ of tumor cells
tion regulation
Brechbuhl CD146(+) CD146, It is similar to the expression of Maintain ER expression in tumor cells and en⁃
[16]
HM et al CAF Vimentin normal breast matrix genes hance tamoxifen sensitivity
CD146(-) Vimentin, It is similar to the expression of Inhibit ER expression and mediate tamoxifen re⁃
CAF CD146(-) matrix genes in breast cancer sistance

