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表1 不同心理治疗对青少年抑郁障碍NSSI的比较
Table 1 Comparison of Different Psychotherapies for NSSI in Adolescents with Depressive Disorders
Combined with
Study Sample Psychotherapy Format Effectiveness
other treatment
[69]
Bockting et al. Attachment⁃based Attachment⁃based 16 weeks,1 session/week Received all stan⁃ Reduced suicidality;more cost⁃
family therapy family therapy dard treatments effective;improved family func⁃
group(n=142) Sertraline tioning
Liu et al. [73] DBT group(n=50) DBT 12 weeks:1 individual Higher NSSI remission rate in
CBT group(n=50) session (60 min)/week; DBT group;but depression,
1 family skills training anxiety,and social functioning
(120 min)/week; scores lower compared to control
1 brief phone coaching
(10 min)/week
Yuan et al. [65] ACT group(n=36) ACT 9 sessions over 6 weeks,Received standard Improved emotion regulation;
Control group(n=36) 60 min/session psychotherapy alleviated depressive mood
Zhang et al. [74] NT group(n=26) NT 3 weeks,2 sessions/week, Received standard Significant reduction in NSSI
Control group(n=29) 60 min/session psychotherapy and depression scale scores
[71]
Rockstroh et al. Brief psychotherapy Brief psychothera⁃ 10 sessions No Improved NSSI;positively asso⁃
group(n=74) py ciated with long ⁃ term outcomes
in depression and borderline
personality disorder
Van Den Heuvel et al. [75] CBT group(n=282) CBT 12 sessions,45-60 min No Reduced depressive symptoms;
each,1-2 times/week sequence of CBT modules did
not affect outcomes
[76] 12 sessions,5 times/week;
Katsuki et al. IPT group(n=2) IPT No Reduced depressive symptoms
4 follow ⁃ up emails after post ⁃ intervention;no further
intervention self⁃injury behaviors
Liu et al. [72] Mindfulness group Mindful breathing 12 weeks,1.5 h/session; No Effective in reducing NSSI be⁃
(n=29) or loving⁃kindness follow⁃ups at week 6,week haviors;lowerscoresonchildren’s
meditation 12,and 3 months depression inventory
[77] 14 weeks,90 min/week,
Gratz et al. Group psychotherapy Group psychother⁃ Received standard Possibly effective in reducing
group(n=23) apy 4-6 patients/group treatment NSSI behaviors
DBT:dialectical behavior therapy;CBT:cognitive behavioral therapy;ACT:acceptance and commitment therapy;NT:narrative therapy;IPT:inter⁃
personal psychotherapy.
其他抗精神病药更能降低自伤自杀风险 [91] ,喹硫 可显著降低青少年抑郁障碍患者的IL⁃1β、IL⁃6水平
平、阿立哌唑可能对减轻自杀意念有效 [92] 。苯二 并提高IL⁃10水平,减少自伤自杀意念及自杀行为,
氮卓类药物短期可能使 NSSI 行为减少,长期使用 且其治疗效应大于不良反应 [94] ,目前关于电休克治
会使冲动行为脱抑制而导致 NSSI 发生率增加,此 疗在儿童青少年中的应用仍存在较大争议,或许与
外共病注意力缺陷与多动障碍的青少年抑郁障碍 电休克治疗可能导致记忆障碍相关。重复经颅磁
患者服用哌醋甲酯、托莫西汀、安非他明治疗会增 刺激是目前治疗青少年重度抑郁障碍的有效非侵
[93]
加 NSSI 。目前关于青少年精神药物使用的研究 入性方法之一。研究表明,重复经颅磁刺激不仅可
取得一定进展,但仍存在样本量小、研究范围不全 以改善首次发作青少年抑郁障碍患者的抑郁症状
面等问题,未来需继续深入探索青少年使用精神药 及认知功能 [95] ,降低 NSSI 行为的发生频率,还可与
物减少抑郁情绪及自伤自杀行为的相关研究。 药物联用增加疗效,对青少年患者均具有较高的安
4.3 物理治疗 全性 [96] 。经皮耳廓迷走神经刺激作为新兴神经调
非侵入性治疗在青少年抑郁障碍及 NSSI 的干 节疗法,能通过调控海马体、前扣带皮层和内侧前
预中显示出一定疗效。部分研究证实,电休克治疗 额叶皮层的基因表达,改善青少年的抑郁症状 [97] 。

