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第45卷第12期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2025年12月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·1845 ·
·综 述·
扩张型心肌病性别差异的机制与精准治疗研究进展
印芷睿 ,崔 畅 2*
1
南京医科大学第一临床医学院,江苏 南京 211166;南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科,江苏 南京 210029
1 2
[摘 要] 扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)存在显著的性别差异,男性发病率约为女性的2~3倍,且往往临床表型
更严重、预后更差。作为DCM的相关致病基因,X染色体连锁基因(如DMD,受X染色体失活调控)、Y染色体相关基因(如SRY
和SOX家族)以及部分常染色体基因(如TTN、RBM20、LMNA)在男性中具有更高的外显率或致病性。在分子机制层面,雌
激素通过激活雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)α/ERβ及其下游 PI3K/Akt 通路,发挥心脏保护作用;而雄激素则通过雄激
素受体(androgen receptor,AR)介导,促进心肌纤维化和不良重构。男性患者还表现出更明显的线粒体功能障碍和更强的
慢性炎症反应。基于这些性别相关的分子机制,研究人员提出并开发了一系列“性别精准”诊疗策略,以期为DCM的个体化
治疗提供新方向。
[关键词] 扩张型心肌病;性别差异;性染色体;性激素;分子机制;精准医疗
[中图分类号] R542.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)12⁃1845⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250943
Research progress on the mechanisms of gender differences in dilated cardiomyopathy
and precision treatment
1
YIN Zhirui ,CUI Chang 2*
2
1 The First School of Clinical Medicine,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166;Department of Cardiology,the
First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)exhibits significant gender differences,the incidence is approximately 2-3 times higher
in males than in females,and male patients often present with more severe clinical phenotypes and poorer prognoses. As pathogenic
genes related to DCM,X chromosome⁃linked genes(such as DMD,regulated by X chromosome inactivation),Y chromosome⁃related
genes(such as SRY and SOX families),and some autosomal genes(such as TTN,RBM20,LMNA)have higher penetrance or
pathogenicity in males. At the molecular level,estrogen exerts cardioprotective effects mainly through estrogen receptor(ER)α/ERβ⁃
mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,while testosterone,via androgen receptor(AR)signaling,promotes fibrosis and
maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Additionally,male patients tend to exhibit greater mitochondrial dysfunction and heightened
inflammatory responses. Based on these gender⁃related molecular mechanisms,researchers have proposed and developed a series of
gender⁃tailored precision therapies,with the aim of providing new approaches for individualized treatment of DCM.
[Key words] dilated cardiomyopathy;gender difference;sex chromosome;sex hormone;molecular mechanism;precision medicine
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(12):1845⁃1852]
心肌病是指一组以心肌结构和功能异常为主 病的主要类型包括扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomy⁃
要特征的心肌疾病,其病因不包括冠状动脉粥样硬 opathy,DCM)、肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomy⁃
化性心脏病、高血压心脏病、心脏瓣膜病等。心肌 opathy,HCM)和限制型心肌病(restrictive cardiomy⁃
opathy,RCM)等。其中,DCM 以单侧或双侧心室扩
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82370322)
大伴有收缩功能障碍为特征,是导致心力衰竭和心
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:cuichang@njmu.edu.
cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃5349⁃6295) 源性猝死的主要原因之一。

