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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                  第45卷第2期
               ·260 ·                     Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)   2025年2月


             ·综 述·

              慢性肾脏病诱导认知障碍的研究进展



              赵翔宇 ,姚心怡 ,孙美玲          2*
                     1
                             1
               南京医科大学药学院,基础医学院,江苏 南京                 211166
              1                 2


             [摘    要] 慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是一种常见的肾脏结构和功能缺陷的慢性疾病,患者的认知功能障碍发
              生率显著高于普通人群,对CKD患者的生活质量及治疗效果产生负面影响。近年来,关于CKD诱发认知障碍的机制与治疗方
              法的研究取得了显著进展。CKD患者认知功能障碍与血管损伤、尿毒症毒素、代谢性酸中毒以及血液透析等多种因素密切相
              关,涉及肾⁃脑交互串扰等多种机制。针对CKD患者的认知功能障碍,目前的治疗方法以药物治疗为主,同时结合其他非药物
              治疗手段,如认知康复训练、非侵入性脑电刺激等,以期达到最佳治疗效果。文章重点介绍迄今为止CKD引发认知障碍的机
              制与治疗方法的研究进展,为认知功能障碍的早期识别、预防与治疗提供依据。未来研究将继续探讨CKD患者认知功能障碍
              的发生机制,为临床实践提供更有效的治疗策略,改善患者的生活质量和预后。
             [关键词] 慢性肾脏病;认知障碍;肾⁃脑交互;发病机制;治疗
             [中图分类号] R692.5;R749.1            [文献标志码] A                       [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)02⁃260⁃11
              doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN240862



              Recent advance in mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by chronic kidney disease

                           1          1           2*
              ZHAO Xiangyu ,YAO Xinyi ,SUN Meiling
              1 School of Pharmacy,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
                                2

             [Abstract] Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a common chronic disease,which is characterized by structural defects and dysfunction
              in the kidney. The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in CKD patients is significantly higher than that in the general population.
              Cognitive dysfunction seriously affects the quality of life and therapeutic treatment of CKD patients. In recent years,significant
              progress has been made in research on the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD. The risk factors of
              CKD induced cognitive dysfunction include vascular damage,uremic toxins,metabolic acidosis,hemodialysis,and these factors are
              interwoven with complex mechanisms of renal⁃brain crosstalk. The current treatments for CKD induced cognitive dysfunction mainly
              rely on drug therapy,combined with other non⁃drug therapeutic approaches,such as cognitive rehabilitation training and non⁃invasive
              brain electrophysiological stimulation,aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research progress of
              the mechanisms and treatments of cognitive impairment induced by CKD,providing a basis for the early identification,prevention,and
              treatment of cognitive dysfunction. In the future,studies will continue to explore the pathogenesis of CKD induced cognitive
              impairment,aiming to provide more effective treatment strategies for clinical practice and improve the quality of life and prognosis of
              patients.
             [Key words] chronic kidney disease;cognitive impairment;kidney⁃brain cross⁃talk;mechanisms;treatment
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(02):260⁃270]




                  慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是由           时间常达 3 个月及以上,常伴随肾小球滤过率进行
              于各种原因引起的肾脏结构改变与功能异常,持续                            性下降[<60 mL/(min·1.73 m )],血肌酐、尿素氮升
                                                                                          2
                                                                高等血液与尿液成分改变 。近年来,CKD患病率在
                                                                                       [1]
             [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82373855);大学生创新创
                                                                全球范围内呈增长趋势,影响着全球近 8.5 亿人 。
                                                                                                           [2]
              业训练计划项目(202210312031Z)
                                                                CKD病因复杂、预后差、医疗支出高,并且暂无十分
              ∗
               通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:sunmeiling@njmu.
              edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃3764⁃7962)                 有效的干预措施,是威胁全球公众的重大健康问题
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