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第45卷第4期
               ·536 ·                            南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2025年4月


              were screened by the Boruta algorithm combined with LASSO regression,and the variables were analysed by univariate and
              multivariate logistic regression,to establish a nomogram prediction model of the occurrence of hyperinflation in COPD patients and
              to assess its predictive effect. Results:Compared to the non⁃hyperinflation group,patients in the hyperinflation group had a shorter
              6⁃minute walk distance(6MWD),a smaller 6MWD as a percentage of predicted value(6MWD%pred),and a mean 6MWD%pred of
             (86.74±12.54)%,accompanied by the symptoms of a more severe drop in walking pulse⁃oximetry and a more severe post⁃exercise leg
              fatigue. The hyperinflation group had a higher proportion of patients with mMRC≥2 and CAT ≥10. The results of logistic regression
              analysis suggested that vital capacity(VC)(β=-2.636,OR=0.072,95% CI:0.022-0.232),Maximal mid⁃expiratory flow of predicted
             (MMEF%pred)(β=-0.147,OR=0.863,95% CI:0.790-0.944)were independent predictors of the occurrence of hyperinflation in
              COPD patients. The mean values of VC and MMEF% pred in the hyperinflation group were(2.51 ± 0.60)L and(23.05 ± 6.48)% ,
              respectively. The area under curve(AUC)of the reciever operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the nomogram model was 0.897(95%
              CI:0.836-0.957,P < 0.01). The mean absolute error of the calibration curve was 0.023. Conclusion:The nomogram model based on
              the spirometer parameters VC and MMEF% pred can predict the occurrence of hyperinflation in COPD patients. When ventilatory
              dysfunction was present on spirometry testing in COPD patients,a decrease in the parameters VC and MMEF%pred predicted an
              increased risk of combined hyperinflation. These patients tend to have reduced exercise tolerance and are multisymptomatic,
              suggesting the need for clinical focus. This predictive model provides primary community care with an easy⁃to⁃implement,method of
              assessing patients with COPD and facilitates guidance for individualised treatment and rehabilitation.
             [Key words] chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;hyperinflation;6⁃minute walk test;pulmonary function
                                                                         [J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(04):535⁃543,559]





                                                                                             [3]
                  慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary        FEV1)与静态过度充气密切相关 。因此,本研究计
              disease,COPD)是一种常见且进行性衰弱的呼吸疾                      划基于肺量计测定参数来构建预测COPD患者过度
              病,其特征是呼吸困难和运动耐力下降。呼气流速                            充气的模型,以此来协助社区等基层医疗场所进行
              限制是 COPD 患者重要的的病理生理特征,也是临                         COPD合并过度充气的诊断和管理。
              床使用肺量计诊断COPD的必要条件。而过度充气
                                                                1 对象和方法
              是COPD患者另一个普遍且持续存在的病理生理特
              征,可导致患者出现呼吸困难和活动耐力下降。过                            1.1  对象
              度充气已被证明是 COPD 患者运动障碍、急性加重                              本研究COPD受试者纳入标准:①符合《慢性阻
                                     [1]
              和死亡率升高的预测因子 。静态过度充气定义为                            塞 性 肺 疾 病 全 球 防 治 倡 议 》(global initiative for
              静息时肺容量的增加,COPD 患者下降的肺弹性阻                          COPD,GOLD)指南 中的稳定期诊断标准;②能够
                                                                                 [4]
              力和胸壁弹性后坐力不平衡,为了平衡胸壁的向外                            完成肺功能检查和 6 min 步行试验(6⁃minute walk
              后坐力,COPD 患者在呼气结束后会努力吸气获得                          test,6MWT)的运动测试。排除标准:①既往诊断合
              更大的肺容积来补偿肺部弹性阻力减少,因而患者                            并哮喘;②合并未有效控制或功能失代偿的其他
              的功能残气量(functional residual capacity,FRC)会         呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病和甲状腺疾病;
              永久性增加。动态过度充气主要是患者通气增加                             ③合并严重贫血等影响脉氧监测的疾病。根据
              时呼气时间变长和肺弹性阻力降低带来的呼气驱动                            GOLD指南将肺功能参数中肺总量占预计值百分比
                                                         [2]
              压力下降导致的,主要见于 COPD 急性发作期 。                        (total lung capacity of predicted,TLC%pred)>120%
              目前临床主要通过体积描记术和气体稀释技术测                             或 残 气 容 积 占 预 计 值 百 分 比(residual volume of
              量肺体积来明确过度充气,但体积描记术和气体稀                            predicted,RV%pred)>120%合并残气容积与肺总量
              释技术不易在社区卫生服务中心等基层医疗卫生                             比值占预计值百分比(residual volume to total lung
              机构推广使用。随着肺功能呼吸与危重症医学科                             capacity ratio of predicted,RV/TLC%pred)>120%定
              培训开展,肺量计测定已逐步推广至各级医疗保健                            义为过度充气组,其余 COPD 受试者为非过度充气
              场所。虽然肺量计测定通常用于明确有无气道阻                             组。对照组入组标准:肺功能正常且能完成 6MWT
              塞,但已有研究发现肺量计测定参数(如第1秒用力                           运动测试的受试者。本研究已获得南京医科大学
              呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,  第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(编号:2015⁃SR⁃207;
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