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·994 · 南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 2025年7月
A B
One⁃sample MR Two⁃step MR
Assumption 1:
IV:
Confounding factors IV: Mediator:
2: 65 SNPs 65 SNPs Beta1 Metabolites Beta2
Filter criteria:
Assumption · SNPs with P < 0.001 Exposure: Beta’ Outcome:
· SNPs in LD(R >0.001,10 Mb)
2
HST
Cheese intake
Exposure:
Cheese intake Beta Outcome:
HST
Step1:Exposure>Mediator
Sample from UKB Sample from UKB
(n=451 486) (n=300 477)
IV of metabolites
Fulfill assumptions adjusted cheese intake
·Horizontal pleiotropy test of this MR(P > 0.05)
·Filter IV(n=15)related to other food intake at leve of P≤0.001
Mediator:
Metabolites
Sensitivity analysis Beta1 Beta2
·Sensitivity analysis 1:MR Methods other than Inverse variance weighted(IVW)
Exposure: Beta’ Outcome:
·Sensitivity analysis 2:use unfiltered IV(n=65)in MR
Cheese intake HST
·Sensitivity analysis 3:multivariable MR adjusted other confounding factors
Step2:Mediator>Outcome
Mediation effect:: Beta1×Beta2
Beta1×Beta2
Direct effect:Beta’=Beta-Beta1×Beta2;Proportion of mediation:
Beta
A:The assumptions for Mendelian randomization and sensitivity analyses of one⁃sample MR. B :Flow diagram of the Mediation analysis by
two⁃step MR. SNP:single nucleotide polymorphism;LD:linkage disequilibrium;HST:healthspan terminated;UKB:UK Biobank;MR:Mendelian ran⁃
domization;IV:instrumental variable.
图1 单样本和两步孟德尔随机化研究设计
Figure 1 One⁃sample and two⁃step MR study designs
表1 研究对象的基线特征
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Characteristics HST(n=93 214) Control(n=279 642) P
Age[years,M(P25,P75 )] 61(55,65) 61(55,65) >0.999
Sex[n(%)] >0.999
Female 43 986(47.19) 131 958(47.19)
Male 49 228(52.81) 147 684(52.81)
Cheese intake frequency[n(%)] <0.001
Never 2 630(2.82) 7 129(2.55)
Low 35 478(38.06) 101 908(36.44)
Moderate 40 921(43.90) 126 242(45.14)
High 11 348(12.17) 36 937(13.21)
BMI[kg/m ,M(P25,P75 )] 27.18(24.55,30.35) 26.62(24.19,29.44) <0.001
2
Townsend[M(P25,P75 )] -2.11(-3.63,0.66) -2.35(-3.75,0.10) <0.001
White people[n(%)] 88 716(95.17) 266 419(95.27) 0.166
College degree[n(%)] 25 779(27.66) 89 995(32.18) <0.001
Smoking status[n(%)] <0.001
Never 45 257(48.55) 152 681(54.60)
Previous 34 495(37.01) 101 011(36.12)
Current 12 834(13.77) 24 476(8.75)
Alcohol intake[n(%)] <0.001
Low 18 809(20.18) 48 015(17.17)

