Page 47 - 《南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)》2026年第3期
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第46卷第3期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年3月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·355 ·
·专题研究:肿瘤·
胸腺上皮肿瘤免疫治疗进展与不良事件管理
焦 艺,赵廷昱,刘凌翔 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院肿瘤内科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 胸腺上皮肿瘤(thymic epithelial tumor,TET)是一种罕见的纵隔恶性肿瘤,晚期患者系统治疗手段有限。近年来,
免疫治疗广泛应用于肺癌和黑色素瘤等实体瘤,程序性死亡受体 1 及其配体(programmed death⁃1/programmed death⁃ligand 1,
PD⁃1/PD⁃L1)抑制剂在TET的临床研究中也初显疗效。然而,免疫治疗在TET中伴随特异且高发的免疫相关不良事件(immune⁃
related adverse event,irAE),严重限制了其临床应用。随着对irAE病理机制的探索及多学科管理模式的推广,早期识别、分级
干预和个体化治疗策略已逐步完善。这些系统性管理方案的实施为安全推进TET免疫治疗提供了关键保障,并有望进一步改
善患者生存预后。文章将系统综述TET免疫治疗的研究进展、irAE的潜在机制及其综合管理策略。
[关键词] 胸腺上皮肿瘤;胸腺瘤;胸腺癌;免疫检查点抑制剂;免疫相关不良事件;生物标志物
[中图分类号] R730.51 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)03⁃355⁃12
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN251274
Immunotherapy advances and adverse event management in thymic epithelial tumors
JIAO Yi,ZHAO Tingyu,LIU Lingxiang *
Department of Oncology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Thymic epithelial tumor(TET)represents a rare malignant mediastinal neoplasm with limited systemic treatment options
for advanced ⁃ stage patients. In recent years,immunotherapy has been widely applied in solid tumors such as lung cancer and
melanoma. Clinical studies of programmed death ⁃ 1/programmed death ⁃ ligand 1(PD ⁃ 1/PD ⁃ L1)inhibitors in TET have also
demonstrated preliminary efficacy. However,immunotherapy in TET is associated with specific and highly prevalent immune⁃related
adverse events(irAE),severely limiting its clinical application. With advances in understanding the pathophysiology of irAE and the
adoption of multidisciplinary management approaches,early recognition,tiered interventions,and personalized treatment strategies
have progressively matured. The implementation of these systematic management protocols provides critical safeguards for the safe
advancement of immunotherapy in TET and holds promise for further improving patient survival outcomes. This article provides a
systematic review of research progress in immunotherapy for TET,the potential mechanisms underlying irAE,and comprehensive
management strategies.
[Key words] thymic epithelial tumor;thymoma;thymic carcinoma;immune checkpoint inhibitor;immune⁃related adverse event;
biomarker
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(03):355⁃365,374]
瘤,占所有恶性肿瘤的0.2%~1.5% 。根据监测、流
[1]
1 概 述
行病学和最终结果(surveillance,epidemiology,and
1.1 胸腺上皮肿瘤(thymic epithelial tumor,TET)的 end results,SEER)数据库统计,发病率为0.30/10万,
临床特征 而上海市疾控中心数据显示,我国 TET 发病率为
TET是一组起源于胸腺上皮细胞的罕见恶性肿 0.393/10 万。近年来随着胸部计算机断层扫描
(computed tomography,CT)肺癌筛查的普及,体检发
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(21575064)
现的 TET 大大增加,检出率可能超过以往认知的
∗
通 信 作 者(Corresponding author),E ⁃ mail:llxlau@163.com
(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃8689⁃1788) 100倍。

