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第46卷第5期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年5月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·751 ·
·综 述·
实体瘤软脑膜转移的诊断与鞘内治疗现状
查梦瑶,曹 楷,李 薇 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院乳腺中心,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 软脑膜转移(leptomeningeal metastasis,LM)是实体瘤中虽罕见但预后极差的严重并发症,常见于肺癌、乳腺癌及恶
性黑色素瘤患者,发生率为1%~5%。LM具有诊断难度高、病程进展快及缺乏统一治疗规范等特点。鞘内给药作为重要治疗
策略,可将药物直接输送至蛛网膜下腔,从而显著提高局部药物浓度。传统鞘内化疗药物主要有甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷及塞替
哌;近年来,随着药物研发的持续推进,多种新型化疗药物、靶向治疗药物以及免疫检查点抑制剂逐步应用于鞘内治疗。与此
同时,对LM发病机制的深入研究,以及脑脊液循环肿瘤细胞和循环肿瘤DNA等先进检测技术的发展,为LM的早期诊断与个
体化治疗带来新的机遇。文章系统综述LM的诊断方法及鞘内治疗研究进展。
[关键词] 软脑膜转移;鞘内治疗;诊断
[中图分类号] R739.4 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)05⁃751⁃11
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250992
Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors:current status of diagnosis and intrathecal
treatment
ZHA Mengyao,CAO Kai,LI Wei *
Breast Disease Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Leptomeningeal metastasis(LM)is a rare yet devastating complication of solid tumors,frequently occurring in patients
with lung cancer,breast cancer,or malignant melanoma,with an incidence of approximately 1%-5%. Diagnosis remains difficult,
prognosis is poor,and no standardized treatment currently exists. Intrathecal administration,as a therapeutic approach,enables the
direct delivery of drugs into the subarachnoid space,thereby increasing local drug concentrations. Conventional intrathecal
chemotherapeutic agents primarily include methotrexate,cytarabine,and thiotepa. In recent years,with advances in drug development,
a variety of novel chemotherapeutics,targeted agents,and immune checkpoint inhibitors have gradually been introduced into
intrathecal therapy. Furthermore,in ⁃ depth investigation into the pathogenesis of LM,along with the development of diagnostic
techniques such as detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid is offering new opportunities
for LM diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current diagnostic approaches and
research progress in intrathecal treatment for LM.
[Key words] leptomeningeal metastasis;intrathecal therapy;diagnosis
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(05):751⁃761]
软脑膜转移(leptomeningeal metastasis,LM)是 脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)播散的恶性肿瘤严重
指肿瘤细胞侵犯软脑膜和/或蛛网膜下腔,并经由脑 并发症 。其总发生率为 1%~5%,多见于肺癌、乳
[1]
腺癌及恶性黑色素瘤患者 。尽管临床上常采用包
[1]
括放射治疗、鞘内化疗及全身化疗在内的多模式综合
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(81772475);青岛市科技计
治疗,患者预后依然不佳,中位生存期仅2~4个月 。
[2]
划园区培育计划项目(25⁃1⁃1⁃yqpy⁃6⁃qy)
由于缺乏有效的早期诊断方法及统一的标准化治
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:liwei1218@njmu.edu.
cn(ORCID:0009⁃0008⁃0225⁃5791) 疗方案,LM的临床管理仍面临严峻挑战。文章系统

