Page 149 - 南京医科大学自然版

第46卷第5期 南京医科大学学报（自然科学版）
2026年5月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Natural Sciences） ·771 ·

·综 述·

呼吸道合胞病毒（A/B亚型）人群抗体特征及影响因素研究进展

卢森威 ，彭红红 ，施 超 2 *
2
1
南京医科大学公共卫生学院，江苏 南京 211166；南京医科大学附属无锡市疾病预防控制中心（无锡市疾病预防控制中
1 2
心）江苏 无锡 214002

［摘 要］ 呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus，RSV）严重威胁婴幼儿、老年人健康，目前尚无特效药和理想疫苗。该病
毒分为A、B两个亚型，抗原性不同，呈周期性流行。预融合（prefusion，pre⁃F）蛋白是疫苗研发的关键靶点，其诱导的抗体水
平与免疫保护密切相关。通常儿童抗体水平较高，而婴幼儿和老年人较低。新型冠状病毒感染（corona virus disease 2019，
COVID⁃19）期间的防控措施改变了RSV流行规律，导致人群抗体水平普遍下降，后疫情时代的抗体分布尚不明确。中和抗体
是评估保护效果的重要指标，但现有检测方法在通量、标准化和准确性方面存在不足。目前研究多聚焦疫苗接种后的抗体反
应，证实其具有亚型交叉性和动态变化，但对自然感染后中和抗体的变化规律了解有限。此外，抗体水平影响因素及流行季节
前后的短期动态研究也较为缺乏。文章综述了RSV pre⁃F蛋白免疫研究进展、人群抗体特征及影响因素、中和抗体检测方法评
估，并探讨了COVID⁃19大流行对RSV流行模式与人群免疫的影响，以及当前抗体持久性、检测标准化和全年龄段血清学研究
等方面的挑战。
［关键词］ 呼吸道合胞病毒；pre⁃F蛋白；中和抗体；血清流行病学；疾病负担
［中图分类号］ R392 ［文献标志码］ A ［文章编号］ 1007⁃4368（2026）05⁃771⁃10
doi：10.7655/NYDXBNSN251018

Research progress on antibody profiles and influencing factors of respiratory syncytial
virus（subtype A/B）in populations

2
1
LU Senwei ，PENG Honghong ，SHI Chao 2*
1 School of Public Health，Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 211166；Wuxi Center for Disease Control and
2
Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University（Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention），Wuxi 214002，
China

［Abstract］ Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）poses a serious threat to the health of infants，young children，and the elderly，and
there are currently no specific antiviral drugs or ideal vaccines available. The virus is divided into two subtypes，A and B，which differ
antigenically and exhibit periodic epidemic patterns. The prefusion（pre⁃F）protein is a key target for vaccine development，and the
level of antibodies it induces is closely related to immune protection. Children generally exhibit higher antibody levels，whereas infants
and the elderly tend to have lower levels. Coronavirus disease 2019（COVID⁃19）prevention and control measures have altered the
epidemiological pattern of RSV，leading to a widespread decline in population antibody levels. However，the overall distribution of
antibodies in the post⁃pandemic era remains unclear. Neutralizing antibodies serve as an important indicator for evaluating protective
efficacy，but current detection methods still face limitations in terms of throughput，standardization，and accuracy. Most current
research focuses on antibody responses following vaccination，which have been shown to exhibit subtype cross⁃reactivity and dynamic
changes. However，understanding of the patterns of neutralizing antibody changes after natural infection remains limited. Additionally，
there is insufficient research on the factors influencing antibody levels and their short ⁃ term dynamics before and after epidemic
seasons. This review summarizes recent advances in immune research on the RSV pre⁃F protein，characteristics of population antibody
levels and their influencing factors，and evaluation of neutralizing antibody detection methods. It also discusses the impact of the

［基金项目］ 无锡市第二届“双百”中青年医疗卫生拔尖人才项目（BJ2023095）；无锡市医学发展学科项目（FZXK2021010）；无
锡市太湖之光科技攻关计划（医疗卫生技术）项目（Y20242104）
通信作者（Corresponding author），E⁃mail：wxcdcshichao@126.com（ORCID：0000⁃0003⁃1796⁃4028）
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