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第46卷第6期       周轶雯,李     爽,刘静飞,等. 虚弱状态与成人1型糖尿病死亡和血管并发症风险的关联研究[J].
                  2026年6月                      南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(6):840-853                      ·849  ·


                    Baseline characteristic  FP per 1⁃point increase at baseline P for interaction  FI per 0.1⁃point increase at baseline  P for interaction
                  Sex
                   Male                            1.37(1.20-1.56)  0.811              1.44(1.23-1.68)  0.272
                   Female                          1.44(1.17-1.77)                     1.25(1.00-1.56)
                  Age
                   ≤60 years                       1.35(1.15-1.58)  0.515              1.51(1.26-1.80)  0.090
                   >60 years                       1.57(1.34-1.84)                     1.34(1.11-1.62)
                  Smoking status
                   Never                           1.31(1.09-1.57)  0.402              1.32(1.08-1.61)  0.193
                   Previous                        1.53(1.31-1.80)                     1.28(1.04-1.58)
                   Current                         1.09(0.81-1.45)                     1.87(1.36-2.57)
                  Alcohol intake frequency
                   Daily/3-4 per week              1.47(1.24-1.75)  0.208              1.38(1.08-1.76)  0.107
                   1-2 per week/1-3 per month      1.43(1.19-1.73)                     1.63(1.32-2.02)
                   Occasionally/Never              1.21(0.99-1.48)                     1.16(0.93-1.45)
                  BMI
                   <25 kg/m 2                      1.65(1.27-2.14)  0.155              1.56(1.20-2.03)  0.031
                   25-30 kg/m 2                    1.37(1.14-1.65)                     1.55(1.25-1.92)
                   ≥30 kg/m 2                      1.25(1.07-1.46)                     1.15(0.94-1.41)
                  SBP
                   ≥130 mmHg                       1.37(1.21-1.54)  0.913              1.25(1.08-1.46)  0.016
                   <130 mmHg                       1.32(1.06-1.65)                     1.85(1.43-2.40)
                  T1D duration
                   ≤10 years                       1.17(0.97-1.41)  0.087              1.35(1.06-1.72)  0.863
                   >10 years                       1.49(1.30-1.70)                     1.37(1.18-1.60)
                  HbA1
                   <53 mmol/mol                    1.11(0.89-1.38)  0.287              1.11(0.83-1.49)  0.474
                   ≥53 mmol/mol                    1.45(1.28-1.64)                     1.45(1.26-1.67)
                  Baseline complications
                   No                              1.34(1.15-1.55)  0.713              1.31(1.08-1.58)  0.563
                   Yes                             1.35(1.16-1.59)                     1.41(1.17-1.69)
                                     0.5  1.0  1.5  2.0  2.5               0.5  1.0  1.5  2.0  2.5
                                     Hazard ratio                          Hazard ratio
                   P for interaction(the likelihood ratio test). Levels of significance:P < 0.05. Multivariable Cox models were adjusted for age,sex,ethnicity,educa⁃
                tional level,Townsend deprivation index,smoking status,alcohol intake frequency,BMI,SBP,T1D duration,HbA1c and complications.
                                               图3 虚弱评估与全因死亡关联的分层分析
                           Figure 3 Stratified analyses for the association between frailty measures and all⁃cause mortality
                                 表6 以死亡作为竞争风险,虚弱状态与新发大血管和微血管并发症风险的关联
                Table 6  Association of frailty status with incident macrovascular and microvascular complications,with death as a competing
                       risk
                                                                        Fine⁃Gray model †
                         Characteristic
                                                                       *
                                                Events       Incidence rate(%)      sHR(95% CI)          P
                   Macrovascular complications
                     PF
                       Non⁃frail                 077               13.3                 1.00             -
                       Pre⁃frail                 161               22.7            1.44(1.09-1.91)      0.011
                       Frail                     048               40.6            2.07(1.38-3.10)     <0.001
                       Continuous(per 1 unit)                                      1.30(1.16-1.47)     <0.001
                     FI
                       Non⁃frail                 039               12.2                 1.00             -
                       Pre⁃frail                 145               17.7            1.23(0.86-1.76)      0.260
                       Frail                     102               38.5            2.17(1.46-3.24)     <0.001
                       Continuous(per 0.1 unit)                                    1.50(1.29-1.75)     <0.001
                   Microvascular complications
                     PF
                       Non⁃frail                 133               24.4                 1.00             -
                       Pre⁃frail                 212               31.0            0.99(0.79-1.25)      0.950
                       Frail                     057               51.8            1.49(1.06-2.10)      0.022
                       Continuous(per 1 unit)                                      1.10(0.98-1.24)      0.092
                     FI
                       Non⁃frail                 057               18.3                 1.00             -
                       Pre⁃frail                 221               28.6            1.25(0.93-1.67)      0.130
                       Frail                     124               48.8            1.91(1.37-2.66)     <0.001
                       Continuous(per 0.1 unit)                                    1.31(1.15-1.49)     <0.001
                   Levels of significance:P < 0.05(Fine⁃Gray subdistribution hazard model). *The incidence rate was calculated at the end of follow⁃up of 13.4 years
                and reported as per 1 000 person⁃years. †Fine⁃Gray model adjusted for age,sex,ethnicity,education level,Townsend deprivation index,smoking status,
                alcohol intake frequency,BMI,SBP,T1D duration and HbA1c. sHR,subdistribution hazard ratio.
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