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第46卷第6期 周轶雯,李 爽,刘静飞,等. 虚弱状态与成人1型糖尿病死亡和血管并发症风险的关联研究[J].
2026年6月 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(6):840-853 ·849 ·
Baseline characteristic FP per 1⁃point increase at baseline P for interaction FI per 0.1⁃point increase at baseline P for interaction
Sex
Male 1.37(1.20-1.56) 0.811 1.44(1.23-1.68) 0.272
Female 1.44(1.17-1.77) 1.25(1.00-1.56)
Age
≤60 years 1.35(1.15-1.58) 0.515 1.51(1.26-1.80) 0.090
>60 years 1.57(1.34-1.84) 1.34(1.11-1.62)
Smoking status
Never 1.31(1.09-1.57) 0.402 1.32(1.08-1.61) 0.193
Previous 1.53(1.31-1.80) 1.28(1.04-1.58)
Current 1.09(0.81-1.45) 1.87(1.36-2.57)
Alcohol intake frequency
Daily/3-4 per week 1.47(1.24-1.75) 0.208 1.38(1.08-1.76) 0.107
1-2 per week/1-3 per month 1.43(1.19-1.73) 1.63(1.32-2.02)
Occasionally/Never 1.21(0.99-1.48) 1.16(0.93-1.45)
BMI
<25 kg/m 2 1.65(1.27-2.14) 0.155 1.56(1.20-2.03) 0.031
25-30 kg/m 2 1.37(1.14-1.65) 1.55(1.25-1.92)
≥30 kg/m 2 1.25(1.07-1.46) 1.15(0.94-1.41)
SBP
≥130 mmHg 1.37(1.21-1.54) 0.913 1.25(1.08-1.46) 0.016
<130 mmHg 1.32(1.06-1.65) 1.85(1.43-2.40)
T1D duration
≤10 years 1.17(0.97-1.41) 0.087 1.35(1.06-1.72) 0.863
>10 years 1.49(1.30-1.70) 1.37(1.18-1.60)
HbA1
<53 mmol/mol 1.11(0.89-1.38) 0.287 1.11(0.83-1.49) 0.474
≥53 mmol/mol 1.45(1.28-1.64) 1.45(1.26-1.67)
Baseline complications
No 1.34(1.15-1.55) 0.713 1.31(1.08-1.58) 0.563
Yes 1.35(1.16-1.59) 1.41(1.17-1.69)
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hazard ratio Hazard ratio
P for interaction(the likelihood ratio test). Levels of significance:P < 0.05. Multivariable Cox models were adjusted for age,sex,ethnicity,educa⁃
tional level,Townsend deprivation index,smoking status,alcohol intake frequency,BMI,SBP,T1D duration,HbA1c and complications.
图3 虚弱评估与全因死亡关联的分层分析
Figure 3 Stratified analyses for the association between frailty measures and all⁃cause mortality
表6 以死亡作为竞争风险,虚弱状态与新发大血管和微血管并发症风险的关联
Table 6 Association of frailty status with incident macrovascular and microvascular complications,with death as a competing
risk
Fine⁃Gray model †
Characteristic
*
Events Incidence rate(%) sHR(95% CI) P
Macrovascular complications
PF
Non⁃frail 077 13.3 1.00 -
Pre⁃frail 161 22.7 1.44(1.09-1.91) 0.011
Frail 048 40.6 2.07(1.38-3.10) <0.001
Continuous(per 1 unit) 1.30(1.16-1.47) <0.001
FI
Non⁃frail 039 12.2 1.00 -
Pre⁃frail 145 17.7 1.23(0.86-1.76) 0.260
Frail 102 38.5 2.17(1.46-3.24) <0.001
Continuous(per 0.1 unit) 1.50(1.29-1.75) <0.001
Microvascular complications
PF
Non⁃frail 133 24.4 1.00 -
Pre⁃frail 212 31.0 0.99(0.79-1.25) 0.950
Frail 057 51.8 1.49(1.06-2.10) 0.022
Continuous(per 1 unit) 1.10(0.98-1.24) 0.092
FI
Non⁃frail 057 18.3 1.00 -
Pre⁃frail 221 28.6 1.25(0.93-1.67) 0.130
Frail 124 48.8 1.91(1.37-2.66) <0.001
Continuous(per 0.1 unit) 1.31(1.15-1.49) <0.001
Levels of significance:P < 0.05(Fine⁃Gray subdistribution hazard model). *The incidence rate was calculated at the end of follow⁃up of 13.4 years
and reported as per 1 000 person⁃years. †Fine⁃Gray model adjusted for age,sex,ethnicity,education level,Townsend deprivation index,smoking status,
alcohol intake frequency,BMI,SBP,T1D duration and HbA1c. sHR,subdistribution hazard ratio.

