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·852 · 南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 2026年6月
而,本研究仍存在若干局限性。第一,作为一项观 ences and underlying factors of cardiovascular events and
察性研究,本研究无法建立虚弱和T1D不良结局的因 mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes versus type 1 di⁃
果关系。尽管在敏感性分析中排除随访初期(1 年 abetes:a longitudinal cohort study of swedish nationwide
内)发生死亡或并发症事件后,相关正向关联仍然 register data[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2025,13
(10):848-862
稳健存在,但由于虚弱本身反映疾病严重程度和整
[2] HARJUTSALO V,PONGRAC BARLOVIC D,GROOP P
体健康状况下降,因此不能完全排除反向因果的可
H. Long⁃term population⁃based trends in the incidence of
能。第二,虚弱状态仅在基线进行评估,未进一步
cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes
探讨虚弱随时间变化的动态特征及其与结局的关
from finland:a retrospective,nationwide,cohort study[J].
系 [23] 。第三,尽管 UKB 总体样本量庞大,但本研究 Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2021,9(9):575-585
聚焦于T1D亚人群,导致可用于分析的样本量相对 [3] ROSENGREN A,DIKAIOU P. Cardiovascular outcomes
有限,尤其是在部分分层分析中统计效能可能受到 in type 1 and type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia,2023,66
一定影响,极端 PF 评分水平的参与者数量较少(例 (3):425-437
如评分为5分者仅2例)。第四,虚弱评估的部分变 [4] WEI Y,ANDERSSON T,TUOMI T,et al. Adult ⁃ onset
量基于自我报告信息,可能引入回忆偏倚。糖尿病 type 1 diabetes:predictors of major cardiovascular events
血管并发症主要通过住院患者数据和死亡登记记 and mortality[J]. Eur Heart J,2025,46(38):3776-3786
[5] 胡启桢,顾蕙兰,秦 瑶,等. 161 例成人起病经典 1 型
录进行识别,未纳入门诊或初级保健记录,部分早
糖尿病微血管并发症的临床特征及相关风险因素分
期或轻度糖尿病相关并发症病例可能未被充分捕
析[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2021,41(9):
获。同时,由于虚弱程度较高的个体更可能住院,
1364-1368
因此不能完全排除检测偏倚的影响。第五,UKB参 HU Q Z,GU H L,QIN Y,et al. Clinical characteristics
与者在种族和民族构成上具有一定同质性,本研究 and related risk factors of microvascular complications in
结果在其他族群或地区人群中的适用性仍需在更 161 adult⁃onset classic type 1 diabetes mellitus patients[J].
加多样化的人群队列中加以验证。 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences),
综上,无论采用何种虚弱评估方法,虚弱均与 2021,41(9):1364-1368
T1D患者的全因死亡、T1D及其并发症相关死亡、微 [6] VERGES B. Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes,an
血管及大血管并发症发生风险增加相关。应重视 underestimated danger:Epidemiological and pathophysio⁃
logical data[J]. Atherosclerosis,2024,394:117158
T1D 患者的虚弱评估与管理,以促进早期风险识别
[7] KIM D H,ROCKWOOD K. Frailty in older adults[J]. N
并优化个体化干预策略。
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利益冲突声明:
[8] HOOGENDIJK E O,AFILALO J,ENSRUD K E,et al.
所有作者声明无利益冲突。
Frailty:implications for clinical practice and public
Conflict of Interests:
health[J]. Lancet,2019,394(10206):1365-1375
The authors declare no competing interests.
[9] FRIED L P,TANGEN C M,WALSTON J,et al. Frailty in
作者贡献声明:
older adults:evidence for a phenotype[J]. J Gerontol A
周轶雯负责研究设计、数据分析和文章撰写;李爽负责
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研究设计、论文修改;刘静飞、陈启航、杨淳和高天雨参与文
[10]ROCKWOOD K,MITNITSKI A. Frailty defined by deficit
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Author’s Contributions:
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ZHOU Yiwen was responsible for research design,data
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analysis and manuscript writing;LI Shuang was responsible for
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research design and paper revision;LIU Jingfei,CHEN Qihang,
[12]VERDURI A,CARTER B,LARAMAN J,et al. Frailty
YANG Chun,and GAO Tianyu participated in literature retrieval
and its influence on mortality and morbidity in COPD:a
and methodology;CHEN Yang,GU Yong,and YANG Tao were
systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J]. Intern Emerg
responsible for research guidance,paper review and funding
Med,2023,18(8):2423-2434
support.
[13]ZHANG F,WANG H,BAI Y,et al. Prevalence of physi⁃
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