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第46卷第6期
               ·852  ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2026年6月


              而,本研究仍存在若干局限性。第一,作为一项观                                 ences and underlying factors of cardiovascular events and
              察性研究,本研究无法建立虚弱和T1D不良结局的因                               mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes versus type 1 di⁃
              果关系。尽管在敏感性分析中排除随访初期(1 年                                abetes:a longitudinal cohort study of swedish nationwide
              内)发生死亡或并发症事件后,相关正向关联仍然                                 register data[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2025,13
                                                                    (10):848-862
              稳健存在,但由于虚弱本身反映疾病严重程度和整
                                                                [2] HARJUTSALO V,PONGRAC BARLOVIC D,GROOP P
              体健康状况下降,因此不能完全排除反向因果的可
                                                                     H. Long⁃term population⁃based trends in the incidence of
              能。第二,虚弱状态仅在基线进行评估,未进一步
                                                                     cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes
              探讨虚弱随时间变化的动态特征及其与结局的关
                                                                     from finland:a retrospective,nationwide,cohort study[J].
              系 [23] 。第三,尽管 UKB 总体样本量庞大,但本研究                         Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2021,9(9):575-585
              聚焦于T1D亚人群,导致可用于分析的样本量相对                           [3] ROSENGREN A,DIKAIOU P. Cardiovascular outcomes
              有限,尤其是在部分分层分析中统计效能可能受到                                 in type 1 and type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia,2023,66
              一定影响,极端 PF 评分水平的参与者数量较少(例                             (3):425-437
              如评分为5分者仅2例)。第四,虚弱评估的部分变                           [4] WEI Y,ANDERSSON T,TUOMI T,et al. Adult ⁃ onset
              量基于自我报告信息,可能引入回忆偏倚。糖尿病                                 type 1 diabetes:predictors of major cardiovascular events
              血管并发症主要通过住院患者数据和死亡登记记                                  and mortality[J]. Eur Heart J,2025,46(38):3776-3786
                                                                [5] 胡启桢,顾蕙兰,秦         瑶,等. 161 例成人起病经典 1 型
              录进行识别,未纳入门诊或初级保健记录,部分早
                                                                     糖尿病微血管并发症的临床特征及相关风险因素分
              期或轻度糖尿病相关并发症病例可能未被充分捕
                                                                     析[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2021,41(9):
              获。同时,由于虚弱程度较高的个体更可能住院,
                                                                     1364-1368
              因此不能完全排除检测偏倚的影响。第五,UKB参                                HU Q Z,GU H L,QIN Y,et al. Clinical characteristics
              与者在种族和民族构成上具有一定同质性,本研究                                 and related risk factors of microvascular complications in
              结果在其他族群或地区人群中的适用性仍需在更                                  161 adult⁃onset classic type 1 diabetes mellitus patients[J].
              加多样化的人群队列中加以验证。                                        Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences),
                  综上,无论采用何种虚弱评估方法,虚弱均与                               2021,41(9):1364-1368
              T1D患者的全因死亡、T1D及其并发症相关死亡、微                         [6] VERGES B. Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes,an
              血管及大血管并发症发生风险增加相关。应重视                                  underestimated danger:Epidemiological and pathophysio⁃
                                                                     logical data[J]. Atherosclerosis,2024,394:117158
              T1D 患者的虚弱评估与管理,以促进早期风险识别
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              并优化个体化干预策略。
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                  所有作者声明无利益冲突。
                                                                     Frailty:implications for clinical practice and public
                  Conflict of Interests:
                                                                     health[J]. Lancet,2019,394(10206):1365-1375
                  The authors declare no competing interests.
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                  作者贡献声明:
                                                                     older adults:evidence for a phenotype[J]. J Gerontol A
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              research design and paper revision;LIU Jingfei,CHEN Qihang,
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              YANG Chun,and GAO Tianyu participated in literature retrieval
                                                                     and its influence on mortality and morbidity in COPD:a
              and methodology;CHEN Yang,GU Yong,and YANG Tao were
                                                                     systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J]. Intern Emerg
              responsible for research guidance,paper review and funding
                                                                     Med,2023,18(8):2423-2434
              support.
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