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第1期 总第132期 南 ·
南京医科大学学报（社会科学版）京医科大学学报（社会科学版）
2026年2月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences） · 77
Journal

Research on the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive

symptoms among menopausal women

1
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SONG Yu ，ZONG Zhanhong ，WEN Yong 1
1. School of Science，2. School of Sociology and Population，Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Nanjing
210023，China
Abstract：This study utilizes survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
（CHARLS）from 2011 to 2020，selecting menopausal women aged 40-54 at baseline in 2011 who participated
in at least two of the five follow⁃up surveys. ①Baseline data reveal significant impacts on the incidence
of depressive symptoms among menopausal women based on urban or rural residence，education level，marital
status，number of children，income，sleep quality，physical activity habits，self⁃rated memory，and self⁃rated
health. ② Longitudinal analysis indicates a U ⁃ shaped pattern in the incidence of depressive symptoms among
Chinese menopausal women，initially decreasing and then increasing. In addition to the variables mentioned
above，factors such as birth cohort，social engagement，and menopausal status also have a notable impact.
③The influencing factors on depressive symptoms vary across birth cohorts. Based on these findings，the study
recommends emphasizing the mental health of menopausal women，improving their psychological well⁃being，
and providing targeted mental health support tailored to different demographic groups.
Key words：menopausal women；depressive symptoms；generalized linear model； generalized linear
mixed model