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南京医科大学学报（社会科学版）京医科大学学报（社会科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences） 2026年6月
Journal

Current status and influencing factors of occupational infection

prevention behaviors among healthcare workers in Anhui Province

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YANG Yang ，HE Aiping ，WANG Zixin ，WANG Li ，CHEN Ren 1
1. School of Health Management，2. Institute of Hospital Management，Anhui Medical University，Hefei 231200，China
Abstract：Based on the literature review，this study designed a questionnaire on healthcare workers’
protective behaviors and perceptions of occupational infection risks to investigate the current status and
influencing factors of occupational infection prevention practices among healthcare workers in Anhui Province. A
cross ⁃ sectional survey was conducted from October 2024 to April 2025，involving 1 413 healthcare workers
from seven hospitals across northern，southern，and central Anhui. Statistical analysis was performed using
SPSS 27.0. Results indicated that the average protective behavior score among healthcare workers was 16.23±
3.09，reflecting an overall moderate ⁃ to ⁃ high level of protective behavior. Regression analysis revealed that
gender，department，monthly household income，perceived behavioral benefits，perceived behavioral barriers，
and self ⁃ efficacy significantly influenced protective behavior（P<0.05）. Significant differences in protective
behavior scores were observed across groups. Self⁃efficacy served as the primary positive driver of protective
behavior，while cognitive factors exerted a bidirectional moderating effect. The study recommends implementing
differentiated protective management strategies tailored to group disparities，developing a tiered practical
training system focused on enhancing self⁃efficacy，and addressing cognitive conflicts through targeted cognitive
interventions，thereby providing a scientific basis for developing occupational infection risk countermeasures.
Key words：healthcare workers；occupational infections；risk perception；protective behavior