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第41卷第4期 宋田皓,王丽君,李彭依,等. 不同水平呼气末正压通气联合60%吸入氧浓度对单肺通气患者氧合及
2021年4月 术后肺部并发症的影响[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2021,41(04):528-533,539 ·529 ·
mechanics parameters were monitored continuously. The clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS)was recorded on the second day
after the surgery and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complication was recorded. Results:Among the 120 patients assessed
for eligibility,118 completed the study. At T 2~T6,PaO2 in group D was significantly higher than that in group A,Qs/Qt in group D was
significantly lower than that in group A(P < 0.05). At T3~T4,PaO2 in group C was significantly higher than that in group A,Qs/Qt in
group C was significantly lower than that in group A(P < 0.05). At T4,PaO2 in group B were significantly higher than that in group A,
Qs/Qt in group B were significantly lower than that in group A(P < 0.05). At T2~T5,PaO2 in group D were significantly higher than that
in group B,At T2 ~ T4,Qs/Qt in group D were significantly lower than that in group B(P < 0.05). At T5,PaO2 in group D were
significantly higher than that in group C(P < 0.05). At T2~T6,driving pressure(DP)in group B,C,and D were significantly lower than
that in group A(P < 0.05). At T2~T5,DP in group C and D were significantly lower than that in group B(P < 0.05). At T4~T6,dynamic
compliances in group C and D were significantly higher than those in group A and B(P < 0.05). The CPIS score was significantly lower
in group B,C and D than that in group A on the second day after the surgery(P < 0.05). Conclusion:During one lung ventilation with
0.6 FiO2,10 cmH2O PEEP improves pulmonary function without changing the hemodynamic parameters and reduces driving pressure,
and plays an important role in lung protection.
[Key words] positive end⁃expiratory pressure;one⁃lung ventilation;inspired oxygen fraction;oxygenation;postoperative pulmonary
complication
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2021,41(04):528⁃533,539]
单肺通气(one⁃lung ventilation,OLV)是现代胸 验,选择 2018 年 6 月—2019 年 5 月在南京医科大学
外科手术麻醉中常用的呼吸管理方法。但 OLV 属 附属肿瘤医院择期全麻下左剖胸行食管癌根治术患
非生理性通气方式,非通气侧肺因缺少气体交换而 者136例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,性
发生肺内分流,进而使机体氧合下降,易于发生低 别不限,49~76岁。排除标准:患者放化疗后;重度
氧血症 [1-3] 。既往临床上通常使用较大潮气量、较高 通气功能障碍(慢性阻塞性肺病 3~4 级);全身感
吸入氧浓度(inspired oxygen fraction,FiO2 )等方法预 染;术中输入血液制品;预计手术时间大于 6 h 或
防低氧血症。但研究表明,使用较高的 FiO2会引起 少于 2 h。按照排除标准,最终共入组120例患者,采
吸收性肺不张、肺部氧化应激损伤。目前研究倾向 用随机数字表法将其随机平均分为4组,每组30例,
于围术期采用保护性通气策略 [4-5] ,在保证氧供的前 设置 FiO2=0.6,A、B、C、D 组 OLV 时 PEEP 分别为0、
提下尽可能降低FiO2。但OLV期间降低FiO2会增加 5、8、10 cmH2O。
患者低氧血症的发生风险。通气侧肺呼气末正压 1.2 方法
(positive end⁃expiratory pressure,PEEP)通气的应用 患者入室后常规监测心电图、心率(heart rate,
可以降低其肺内分流、改善患者氧合状况 。因此, HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2 )、呼气末二氧化碳(PETCO2 ),
[6]
OLV期间降低FiO2同时联合使用适当的PEEP,理论 并使用气体监测仪(Datex⁃Ohmeda S/5)监测气道峰
上既能提高患者氧合又能减轻肺损伤,而究竟采取 压(peak inspimtory pressure,Ppeak )、平台压(plateau
何种水平的 PEEP 对患者更加有益目前尚无定论。 airway pressure,Pplat )、肺动态顺应性(dynamic com⁃
本研究拟在降低 FiO2至 60%的条件下于 OLV 时联 pliance,Cdyn)。超声引导下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管
合使用不同水平的 PEEP,以探讨该通气模式对 测压,局麻下桡动脉穿刺置管持续监测动脉血压。
OLV 患者氧合及术后肺部并发症(postoperative pul⁃ 所有患者采用全凭静脉麻醉,麻醉诱导方案为咪唑
monary complication,PPC)的影响。 安定0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼4 μg/kg、丙泊酚1 mg/kg 和顺
式阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg,3 min后可视喉镜辅助下行左
1 对象和方法
侧双腔支气管导管插管(女 F32 号或 F35 号,男 F37
1.1 对象 号或F39号),纤维支气管镜下确认导管位置。支气
本研究已获南京医科大学伦理委员会的批准 管插管后连接麻醉机行机械通气,设置通气模式为
[伦审号:(2017)550号],在中国临床试验注册中心 容量控制,FiO2=0.6,潮气量(VT )6 mL/理想体重(ideal
注册(注册号ChiCTR1900024726),所有患者均签署 body weight,IBW),呼吸频率(RR)12~14 次/min,吸
知情同意书。本试验为随机、对照、单盲、前瞻性试 呼比=1∶2,维持 PETCO2 在 35~45 mmHg。IBW 计算