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第45卷第10期         杜凯豪,侯立朝,东小鸽,等. 幽门螺杆菌与食管癌的因果关联:基于孟德尔随机化研究[J].
                 2025年10月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2025,45(10):1404-1416                      ·1409 ·


                A            21  22  1         B    The number of SNPs within 1 000 Mb window size  C  QQ⁃plot
                         19  20       2                                                   10
                       18                           0 Mb  22 Mb  44 Mb  66 Mb  88 Mb  110 Mb 132 Mb 154 Mb 176 Mb 197 Mb
                      17       0          3                                               (P)  8
                     16       25                 Chr1                                      6
                              50
                    15        75                 Chr2
                              100            4   Chr3                                     Observed⁃lg  4
                                                 Chr4
                   14                            Chr5
                                                 Chr6                                      2
                    13                       5   Chr7                                      0
                                                 Chr8
                      12                         Chr9                           Density      0     1     2     3
                                                Chr10                                            Expected⁃lg(P)
                                          6
                         11                     Chr11                            0
                                                                                 1
                                                Chr12
                                       7
                            10                                                   2
                                                Chr13
                                    8
                                9
                                                Chr14                            3 4
                                                Chr15                            5
                                                Chr16                            6
                                                Chr17                            7
                                                Chr18                            8
                                                Chr19                            9
                                                Chr20                            10
                                                Chr21                            11
                                                Chr22                            12
                   A:Manhattan plot shows the chromosomal location of SNPs and their associated P⁃values. B:SNP density plot shows the distribution of SNPs
                across chromosomes. C:QQ plot shows the consistency between observed SNPs and expected distribution.
                                           图4 ebi⁃a⁃GCST003739数据里SNP位置及P值大小
                                  Figure 4 SNP positions and magnitude of P in the ebi⁃a⁃GCST003739 dataset
                      Exposure    P value    OR(95%CI)      Adjust P  Q_pval  Pleiotropy_pval
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST006363  0.483 6  0.999 9(0.999 5-1.000 3) 1.000 0  0.294 8  0.467 3
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006910  0.535 1  0.999 5(0.998 0-1.001 0) 0.963 1  0.605 6  0.529 5
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006911  0.497 1  1.000 1(0.999 9-1.000 3) 1.000 0  0.478 2  0.670 0
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006912  0.569 2  0.999 9(0.999 6-1.000 2) 0.853 8  0.706 1  0.378 1
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006913  0.322 4  1.000 4(0.999 6-1.001 1) 1.000 1  0.772 6  0.316 1
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006914  0.581 0  1.000 1(0.999 7-1.000 5) 0.747 0  0.106 4  0.425 3
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006915  0.995 6  1.000 0(0.999 6-1.000 4) 0.995 6  0.028 9  0.104 7
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006916  0.520 2  0.999 9(0.999 7-1.000 2) 1.000 0  0.969 0  0.514 6
                  ebi⁃b⁃4905      0.647 4  0.999 9(0.999 5-1.000 3) 0.728 4  0.452 6  0.497 1
                                                                                     0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02
                                                                                                 OR
                                         图5 ieu⁃b⁃4960数据的IVW法、多效性及异质性检测结果
                           Figure 5 Results of the IVW method,pleiotropy,and heterogeneity tests for the ieu⁃b⁃4960 data



                      Exposure     P value   OR(95%CI)     Adjust P  Q_pval  Pleiotropy_pval
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST006363  0.096  0.901(0.797-1.019)  0.240  0.397   0.801
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006910  0.903  1.028(0.665-1.587)  0.903  0.865  0.564
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006911  0.775  0.991(0.930-1.056)  1.000  0.724  0.754
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006912  0.636  1.011(0.908-1.127)  0.929  0.839  0.978
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006913  0.054  1.232(0.996-1.523)  0.272  0.612  0.636
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006914  0.279  1.071(0.946-1.213)  0.558  0.620  0.379
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006915  0.091  1.079(0.988-1.178)  0.305  0.531  0.103
                  ebi⁃a⁃GCST90006916  0.780  0.989(0.915-1.069)  0.974  0.648  0.626
                  ebi⁃b⁃4905        0.005  1.233(1.067-1.425)  0.045  0.704   0.353
                  ukb⁃b⁃531         0.650  0.001(0.001-1.128)  1.000  0.449   0.516
                                                                                             0.5    1.0    1.5
                                                                                                    OR
                                     图6 ebi⁃a⁃GCST90018841数据的IVW法、多效性及异质性检测结果
                       Figure 6  Results of the IVW method,pleiotropy,and heterogeneity tests for the ebi⁃a⁃GCST90018841 data



                2.6  反向MR                                         相关的SNP 作为工具变量,并严格控制遗传标记的
                    为了进一步排除反向因果的可能性,本研究除                          独立性(P<1.0×10 )和 LD(r =0.001,kb=10 000),最
                                                                                           2
                                                                                  ⁃5
                了采用Steiger检验外,还将EC作为暴露因素,HP作                      终结果显示,在经过 FDR 矫正后,未发现 EC 与 HP
                为结局因素,进行反向MR分析。通过选择与EC强                           之间存在统计学意义的关联。这一结果有力地支持
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