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               ·268 ·                            南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2025年2月


              CKD CI的具体发病率和特征尚未完全明确。目前,                              Front Med,2023,10:1215583
              CKD CI的诊断主要依赖全面的神经心理学测试,这                         [3] DREW D A,WEINER D E,SARNAK M J. Cognitive im⁃
              些测试评估脑的多个功能区域,如记忆、注意力、执                                pairment in CKD:pathophysiology,management,and pre⁃
                                                                     vention[J]. Am J Kidney Dis,2019,74(6):782-790
              行功能等。然而,这些测试耗时较长,且可能无法敏
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              感地检测到微妙的认知功能变化 。因此,开发适合
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              CKD患者的神经心理测试工具,以及寻找能够反映
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              CI进展的生物标志物,对实现早期诊断和干预至关重                          [5] IMENEZSILVA P H,UNWIN R,HOORN E J,et al. Aci⁃
              要。近期,一项研究通过整合临床信息与基于结构和                                dosis,cognitive dysfunction and motor impairments in pa⁃
              功能网络拓扑特性的人工智能模型生成的磁共振成                                 tients with kidney disease[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant,
              像特征,成功地通过一套可量化的影像生物标志物有                                2021,37(Suppl 2):ii4-ii12
              效预测了CKD患者的CI,为CKD患者早期预防和早                         [6] 王   凤,马微波,刘悦文,等. 慢性肾脏病患者认知功能
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              期干预CI提供了有力证据 。
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                  尽管CKD CI的发病机制尚未完全阐明,但研究
                                                                     WANG F,MA W B,LIU Y W,et al. Analysis of the mech⁃
              已经取得了一些重要进展。随着技术的不断进步,
                                                                     anisms related to impaired cognitive function in patients
              期待能够更深入地了解肾脏与脑之间的相互作用,                                 with chronic kidney disease[J]. Acta Academiae Medici⁃
              探索肾脏损伤与脑功能之间的病理生理联系。未                                  nae Sinicae,2022,44(6):1082-1088
              来需要关注药物转化研究,包括新药开发和老药新                            [7] ZHANG J L,ZHANG A H. Relationships between serum
              用。此外,结合现代生物技术,如单细胞测序和多                                 Klotho concentrations and cognitive performance among
              组学技术,有助于揭示内皮细胞异质性的分子基                                  older chronic kidney disease patients with albuminuria in
                                                                     NHANES 2011 ⁃ 2014[J]. Front Endocrinol,2023,14:
              础,发现新的疾病相关内皮亚群,为泛血管疾病提
                                                                     1215977
              供新的治疗靶点。探索肾脏和脑相互作用的复杂
                                                                [8] THEODORAKOPOULOU M P,DIPLA K,ZAFEIRIDIS
              机制,将有助于设计针对性的干预措施,改善 CKD
                                                                     A,et al. Cerebral oxygenation during exercise deteriorates
              患者的生活质量,并可能为其他相关神经精神疾病                                 with advancing chronic kidney disease[J]. Nephrol Dial
              的治疗提供新的见解。                                             Transplant,2023,38(10):2379-2388
                  利益冲突声明:                                       [9] TURNER M E,ROWSELL T S,LANSING A P,et al. Vas⁃
                  作者单位与期刊出版部都隶属南京医科大学,但无利益                           cular calcification maladaptively participates in acute
              冲突。                                                    phosphate homeostasis[J]. Cardiovasc Res,2023,119
                  Conflict of Interests:                            (4):1077-1091
                  The author’s affiliation and the publishing department of  [10]NGUYEN B T,SHIN E J,JEONG J H,et al. Ginsenoside
              this journal are affiliated with Nanjing Medical University,but  Reattenuates memory impairments in aged Klotho defi⁃
              there is no conflict of interest in this work.         cient mice via interactive modulations of angiotensin Ⅱ
                  作者贡献声明:                                            AT1 receptor,Nrf2 and GPx⁃1 gene[J]. Free Radic Biol
                  赵翔宇和姚心怡负责文献收集、分析以及文章撰写;孙                           Med,2022,189:2-19
              美玲负责本综述的框架设计以及文章撰写、审阅与修订。                         [11]RROJI M,FIGUREK A,VIGGIANO D,et al. Phosphate
                  Author’s Contributions:                            in the context of cognitive impairment and other neurolog⁃
                                                                     ical disorders occurrence in chronic kidney disease[J].
                  ZHAO Xiangyu and YAO Xinyi collected the literature and
                                                                     Int J Mol Sci,2022,23(13):7362
              drafted the manuscript. SUN Meiling conceived and designed
                                                                [12]李丽博,苑振云,刘        静,等. 脑血流动力学改变与脑小
              the project,and revised the manuscript.
                                                                     血管病发生发展关系的研究进展[J]. 山东医药,2021,
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