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第45卷第6期          崔   闯,孙思怡,秦梓一,等. 黄芩苷激活自噬抑制炎症促进牙髓干细胞成牙/骨分化[J].
                  2025年6月                     南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2025,45(6):766-776                        ·767 ·


                subtype under the induction of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and interferon⁃γ(IFN⁃γ). Then,cells were treated with BA(50 μmol/L),
                the expression levels of iNOS,IL⁃1β,and IL⁃8 were analyzed using immunofluorescence,real⁃time quantitative PCR(RT⁃qPCR),and
                Western blot. Additionally,the expression changes of LC3B,Beclin⁃1,and P62 were assessed by Western blot to monitor autophagic
                flux alterations in macrophages. To further investigate the relationship between inflammation inhibition and autophagy,we employed
                the autophagy inhibitor 3⁃MA to block autophagic flux and re⁃evaluated the expression changes of IL⁃1β and IL⁃8. Supernatants from
                macrophages cultured under various conditions were collected,and the conditioned medium was prepared and added to mineralized
                hDPSC. The odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation ability of hDPSC in an inflammatory environment was analyzed by alkaline
                phosphatase ALP staining,alizarin reds(ARS)staining,RT⁃PCR,and Western blot. Results:The expression of IL⁃1β and iNOS
                around the inflammatory area of early pulpitis tissue was significantly increased. After induced by LPS and IFN⁃γ,macrophages were
                polarized from M0 to M1,and the expressions of iNOS,IL⁃1β and IL⁃8 significantly increased. After co⁃incubation with 50 μmol/L BA
                for 24 hours,the polarization degree of M1 macrophages significantly decreased,the mRNA levels of IL⁃1β and IL⁃8 significantly
                decreased compared with the M1 group. Compared with the M1 group,the expressions of LC3B⁃Ⅱ and Beclin⁃1 increased after the
                addition of BA,while the expression of P62 was inhibited. After 3 ⁃ MA blocked autophagy,the mRNA levels of IL ⁃ 1β and IL ⁃ 8
                significantly increased. After adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages to hDPSC and inducing mineralization for 7~21 days,the ALP
                activity of hDPSC decreased,the calcium salt deposition significantly reduced,and the expressions of ALP,DSPP,RUNX2,OPN and
                COL ⁃ 1 significantly decreased. When adding the supernatant of M1 macrophages treated with BA,the ALP activity of hDPSC
                significantly increased,the calcium salt deposition significantly increased,and the expressions of ALP,DSPP,RUNX2,OPN and COL⁃1
                significantly increased. Conclusion:BA can inhibit inflammatory responses by activating autophagy,thereby enabling hDPSC to
                function in an inflammatory microenvironment.
               [Key words] baicalin;M1 macrophages;THP⁃1;odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation;dental pulp stem cell
                                                                              [J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(06):766⁃776]






                    对于牙髓炎患牙,目前国际公认的最有效的治                          制IL⁃6、IL⁃1β、TNF⁃α等炎症介质的表达实现氧化应
                疗方法为根管治疗。但是,根管治疗后患牙失去正                            激与炎症反应的调节          [12] 。值得关注的是,自噬作为
                常牙髓功能,机械强度和抗折能力下降 ,直接影响                           细胞维持稳态的重要机制             [13] ,可能与 BA 的药理效
                                                  [1]
                患牙的长期预后。基于此背景,活髓保存治疗策略                            应存在关联;研究证实该成分可通过激活自噬通路
                逐渐成为牙髓病学领域的研究热点。                                  减轻氧化损伤、抑制细胞凋亡              [14] ,并调控炎症微环
                    在牙髓炎的发生发展过程中,大量的免疫和非                          境 [15] 。本课题组的前期研究表明,BA可促进炎症人
                免疫细胞,包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、成牙本质细                           牙髓干细胞(human dental pulp stem cell,hDPSC)成
                胞和内皮细胞等,能够识别病原体相关分子模式分                            牙/骨分化    [16] ,但BA是否通过激活自噬而抑制炎症,
                子并启动免疫反应         [2-3] 。有研究表明,巨噬细胞在               并促进hDPSC成牙/骨分化有待进一步研究。
                                         [4]
                牙髓组织炎症中占主导地位 。M1 巨噬细胞分泌                               因此,本研究拟探讨 BA 在炎症微环境下通过
                大量促炎介质和细胞因子,对清除组织碎片和促进                            调控细胞自噬,抑制巨噬细胞的M1向分化,降低炎
                                 [5]
                炎症反应至关重要 。相关介质如肿瘤坏死因子                             症因子释放水平,从而间接促进hDPSC的成牙/骨分
               (tumor necrosis factor,TNF)⁃α、白细胞介素(interleu⁃      化,达到治疗牙髓炎症的目的,为BA用于活髓保存
                kin⁃1β,IL)⁃1β和 IL⁃8 帮助招募免疫细胞清除入侵                  治疗提供参考。
                病原体,在免疫反应的启动中起重要作用                    [6-7] 。然
                                                                  1 材料和方法
                而,过量炎症介质的释放会引起组织损伤 。因此,
                                                    [8]
                调控巨噬细胞的生物学行为是控制牙髓炎症发展                             1.1  材料
                的有效策略。                                                人单核细胞白血病细胞THP⁃1购自美国Oricell
                    黄芩苷(baicalin,BA)是中药黄芩中提取出来的                   生物科技有限公司。胎牛血清(Oricell公司,美国),
                黄酮类化合物,在多个疾病模型中有积极治疗作用,                           RPMI⁃1640培养液(Gibco公司,美国),佛波酯、脂多
                具有很强的抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡等生物活性                     [9-11] 。  糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、抗坏血酸(vitamin C,
                其作用机制涉及多条信号通路的协同调控,通过抑                            VC)、β⁃甘油磷酸酯(beta⁃glycerophosphate,β⁃GP)、
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