Page 104 - 《南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第9期
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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷第9期
·1316 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2025年9月
·临床研究·
从组织特征筛选qPCR阳性标本:快捷、准确、经济诊断肺结核
沈丽华,张倩倩,金晓燕,胡慧娣,董 燕,邹 珏 *
南京医科大学附属脑科医院(南京市胸科医院)病理科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 目的:HE染色评估组织病理学特征、初筛实时荧光定量PCR(real⁃time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qPCR)阳性率高
的标本,快捷、准确、经济地诊断肺结核。方法:回顾性分析189例肺肉芽肿疾病患者的临床资料和CT征象,采用苏木精⁃伊红
(hematoxylin⁃eosin,HE)染色对甲醛固定、石蜡包埋(formalin⁃fixed paraffin⁃embedded,FFPE)标本初筛后行Ziehl⁃Neelsen(Z⁃N)
抗酸染色和qPCR检测进一步验证。结果:189例标本根据CT征象可分为两组:周围型结节组多表现为肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大
(87/149,58.4%)、分叶征(66/149,44.3%)和毛刺征(63/149,42.3%);中央型占位组主要征象为支气管阻塞(31/40,77.5%)、肺不
张(29/40,72.5%)。这些征象与肿瘤性病变难以区分,常导致诊断延误。95例确诊肺结核标本的HE染色结果显示:坏死面积
百分比≥25%(χ =41.649,P < 0.001)、肉芽肿最大直径≥8 mm(χ =8.071,P=0.004)与qPCR阳性结果呈正相关。二元Logistic 回
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归分析显示,肺结核坏死面积百分比和肉芽肿最大直径是 qPCR 阳性的独立预测因子(OR=1.324,95%CI:1.202~1.460,P <
0.001;OR=0.265,95%CI:0.164~0.429,P < 0.001)。在肺结核 FFPE 标本中,坏死面积百分比检测 qPCR 阳性结果的曲线下面
积、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.794、78.2%、78.9%,而肉芽肿最大直径检测qPCR阳性结果的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度则分别
为0.600、88.5%和43.7%。结论:外周型结节CT征象表现为肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大、分叶征和毛刺征时,更容易引起肺结核等
肉芽肿性疾病的延误诊断;坏死面积和肉芽肿最大直径测量可提高qPCR检测的灵敏度,通过HE染色初筛选择优质标本进行
检测,可提高结核病诊断的准确性。
[关键词] 肺结核;定量PCR;组织病理学特征;辅助诊断
[中图分类号] R521 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)09⁃1316⁃10
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250203
Screening qPCR⁃positive specimens based on histopathological characteristics:a rapid,
accurate,and economical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
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SHEN Lihua,ZHANG Qianqian,JIN Xiaoyan,HU Huidi,DONG Yan,ZOU Jue
Department of Pathology,the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Nanjing Chest Hospital),
Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Objective:To screen specimens with high qPCR positive rates based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE)histopathological
characteristics for the rapid,accurate,and economical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was
conducted on the clinical data and CT findings of 189 patients with pulmonary granulomatous disease. Formalin ⁃ fixed paraffin ⁃
embedded(FFPE)specimens were initially screened by HE staining,followed by Ziehl⁃Neelsen(Z⁃N)staining and qPCR assay for
further verification. Results:Based on CT findings,189 specimens were divided into two groups:the peripheral nodular group
predominantly showed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy(87/149,58.4%),lobulation sign(66/149,44.3%),and spiculation sign
(63/149,42.3%);and the central occupancy group mainly exhibited bronchial obstruction(31/40,77.5%)and atelectasis(29/40,
72.5%). These findings were often indistinguishable from neoplastic lesions,leading to delayed diagnoses. HE staining results from 95
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confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis specimens revealed that the percentage of necrotic area ≥25%(χ =41.649,P < 0.001)and the
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maximum diameter of granulomas ≥8 mm(χ =8.071,P=0.004)were correlated with qPCR positivity. Binary logistic regression
analysis showed that the percentage of necrotic area and the maximum diameter of granulomas in pulmonary tuberculosis were
independent predictors of qPCR positivity(OR=1.324,95%CI:1.202-1.460,P < 0.001;OR=0.265,95%CI:0.164-0.429,P < 0.001).
[基金项目] 北京市希思科学肿瘤学研究基金
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:Zoujue1981@126.com(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃7749⁃6812)
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