Page 62 - 《南京医科大学学报》2026年第1期
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第46卷第1期
· 56 · 南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 2026年1月
then validated through minigene splicing assays,and specific splicing patterns were further investigated using denaturing capillary
electrophoresis. For those in ⁃ frame aberrant splicing products,we assessed protein expression,protein secretion,and in vitro
coagulation activity by Western blot and activated partial thromboplastin time. Results:We identified 15 variants located near the
splicing site of exon 4 in the F9 gene as target variants through sequence and variant analysis. Minigene splicing assay confirmed that
14 of these variants could lead to abnormal splicing. In comparison with the bioinformatic prediction results,we further established that
computational predictions exhibited limitations and could not accurately predict specific splicing patterns or their proportions. The
classic GT⁃AG splice site on the intron was confirmed to be conserved. Additionally,we observed that +5G at the donor end facilitated
correct recognition of the splicing site,whereas the relatively conserved +7A did not play a significant regulatory role in this recognition
process. Furthermore,deep intronic variants mimicking the classic splice donor“AG”motif caused misalignment of splice site
recognition,significantly increasing the proportion of abnormal splicing. Results from protein expression and activity analyses indicated
notable differences in antigen synthesis and in vitro coagulation activity status between the two abnormal splicing variants of
p.D93⁃G125delinsG and p.G94⁃D131del and those of the wild⁃type FⅨ(P < 0.01). Conclusion:The splice site(GT⁃AG)is pivotal in
determining precise splicing. The less conserved +5G at the consensus region of the splice donor site in the intron 4 of the F9 gene also
has a regulatory effect on splicing. Summarizing the differences in splice patterns caused by diverse variations can provide a solid
theoretical basis for big data analysis and improve the accuracy of bioinformatics predictions.
[Key words] F9 gene;intronic variants;aberrant splicing;hemophilia B;pathogenic mechanisms
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(01):55⁃67]
B型血友病(hemophilia B,HB)是X染色体连锁 接产生的基础,同时也是内含子突变致病的主要原
[1]
隐性遗传病 ,主要临床表现是凝血功能障碍及由 因之一。目前认为内含子和外显子交界处的多个碱
[2]
此引发的出血现象 。遗传分析证实其致病基因为 基共同定义了经典剪接调控元件中的供体和受体位
F9(OMIM:300746),位于X染色体长臂(Xq27.1),全 点。其中,供体位点的共识序列通常跨越10 bp,从外
长33.5 kb,由8个外显子和7个内含子构成,转录形 显子的-3位到内含子的+7位,而受体位点的共识序
成2.8 kb的mRNA(NM_000133),编码461个氨基酸 列则涵盖 28 bp,从内含子的-26 位延伸到外显子
残基的凝血因子Ⅸ(coagulation factor Ⅸ,FⅨ)前体 的+2 位 [21] ,表明内含子上的碱基同样参与剪接调
蛋白 [3-6] 。F9 基因突变造成 FⅨ蛋白分泌不足或功 控,Vaz⁃Drago等 [13] 通过分析mRNA和全基因组测序
能异常是导致HB的主要原因 [7-10] 。目前FⅨ突变数 的证据,表明超过75种疾病的致病突变与内含子相
据库(Factor Ⅸ Variant Database)中共收录了1 692种 关,强调了内含子突变的不可忽视性。基于此,本
F9 基因相关突变,其中 10.28%为内含子突变,提示 研究通过分析内含子上多个位点对剪接调控的影
[9]
内含子突变是导致HB的主要原因之一 。因此,阐 响,拓展内含子突变的研究范围,以期掌握剪接调
明内含子突变的致病机制有助于加深对HB复杂致 控中的关键位点。
病机制的认识。 本研究通过整合临床数据与生物信息学分析
以往关于内含子突变致病机制的探索阐明了 结果,筛选出F9基因内含子剪接位点共识区域内的
内含子剪接供体端(donor site)+1G、+2T和剪接受体 15个致病突变。通过微型基因剪接实验结合Sanger
端(acceptor site)-2A、-1G 的广泛致病性 [11-12] 。因 测序与变性毛细管电泳解析突变特异性的剪接模
此,长久以来遗传学分析以编码区突变和内含子剪 式及调控机制,证实除 GT⁃AG 核心序列外,内含子
接位点突变作为解析基因突变致病机制的重点。 上还存在一些非保守位点对剪接调控产生影响。
然而随着测序技术的发展,大量内含子突变先后被 此外,本研究还利用剪接突变体抗原水平检测和凝
鉴定出来 [13-16] ,引发了对内含子突变致病机制的进一 血功能实验阐明了异常剪接体的致病机制,为血友
步探索。虽然剪接调控因子与剪接调控元件的准确 病的精准诊断和治疗提供理论依据。同时,本研究
识别与结合是保证RNA精确剪接的前提条件 [17-20] ,但 对剪接共识区域内突变剪接模式的分析可作为理
研究表明除内含子经典剪接位点GT⁃AG外,其他相 论依据促进剪接预测算法的改进,提高生物信息学
关剪接调控元件的序列保守性并不强,这是可变剪 预测的准确性。

