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               ·286 ·                            南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2026年2月


              研究直接证明何种运动参数最益于老年群体。因                                  Health Sci,2024,13(1):47-60
              此,最优运动方案并非单一模式的取舍,而应基于                            [4] STINE J G,LONG M T,COREY K E,et al. Physical activi⁃
              个体的独特健康状态与预期功能目标,进行有氧                                  ty and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a roundtable state⁃
              运动、阻抗运动乃至联合运动的精准组合与权                                   ment from the American College of Sports Medicine[J].
                                                                     Med Sci Sports Exerc,2023,55(9):1717-1726
              衡。同时未来研究应致力于厘清不同运动模式间
                                                                [5] ZEGARRA⁃VALDIVIA J,DE SEVILLA EF,PIGNATEL⁃
              的交互作用,为制定高度个体化的运动处方提供
                                                                     LI J,et al. Interoceptive signaling by circulating insulin
              坚实依据。
                                                                     like growth factor i and neuroprotection by exercise[J].
                  尽管现有研究揭示了运动效应存在年龄差异,                               Adv Neurobiol,2025,44:217-229
              但普遍存在年龄分组标准不一、基线健康状况、遗                            [6] 张宸恺,王壮志,李方晖. 运动通过调节心磷脂合成及
              传背景、生活方式、运动参数(如强度与时长)缺乏                                重塑干预衰老相关疾病[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然
              标准化量化以及对不同运动模式间交互作用探讨                                  科学版),2025,45(1):71-81
              不足等局限,这影响了研究结论的普适性与可比                                  ZHANG C K,WANG Z Z,LI F H. Exercise mitigates ag⁃
              性,也阻碍了精确剂量⁃效应关系的建立。其次,运                                ing ⁃ related diseases by modulating cardiolipin synthesis
                                                                     and remodeling[J]. Journal of Nanjing Medical University
              动产生的年龄异质性效应背后的核心分子开关,如
                                                                    (Natural Sciences),2025,45(1):71-81
              特定的表观遗传修饰、组织间通讯的关键外泌体或
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              肌肉因子,仍有待阐明。
                                                                     neering the“third pole”for clinical health management[J].
                  综上所述,迈向精准运动干预是应对人口老龄                               Research(Wash D C),2023,6:0284
              化的必然要求。当前研究的局限性正是未来探索                             [8] HOJMAN P,GEHL J,CHRISTENSEN J F,et al. Molecu⁃
              的路线图。通过深化对运动模式交互作用及年龄异                                 lar mechanisms linking exercise to cancer prevention and
              质性机制的理解,有望将运动从一种普适性的健康建                                treatment[J]. Cell Metab,2018,27:10⁃21
              议,革新为一项高度个体化的“靶向治疗”,从而真正                          [9] GUO S,HUANG Y,ZHANG Y,et al. Impacts of exercise
              释放其在延缓衰老、防治慢性病中的全部潜能。                                  interventions on different diseases and organ functions in
                  利益冲突声明:                                            mice[J]. Sport Health Sci,2020,9(1):53-73
                  所有作者声明无利益冲突。                                  [10]CALLAHAN M J,PARR E B,HAWLEY J A,et al. Can
                  Conflict of Interests:                             high ⁃ intensity interval training promote skeletal muscle
                                                                     anabolism[J]. Sports Medicine,2021,51(3):405-421
                  The authors declare no conflict of interest.
                  作者贡献声明:                                       [11]COATES A M,JOYNER M J,LITTLE J P,et al. A per⁃
                                                                     spective on high ⁃ intensity interval training for perfor⁃
                  甘晨云负责文献查询、撰写初稿并对文章进行后续修
                                                                     mance and health[J]. Sports Med,2023,53(Suppl 1):
              改;王晓东提供监督指导并参与写作审编。
                  Author’s Contributions:                            85-96
                                                                [12]FIATARONE M A,O’NEILL E F,RYAN N D,et al. Ex⁃
                  GAN Chenyun was in charge of literature search,writing⁃
                                                                     ercise training and nutritional supplementation for physi⁃
              original draft,and revising the article. WANG Xiaodong provid⁃
                                                                     cal frailty in very elderly people[J]. N Engl J Med,1994,
              ed supervision and participated in writing⁃review and editing.
                                                                     330(25):1769⁃1775
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