Page 39 - 《南京医科大学学报》自然科学版2026年第2期

第46卷第2期 黄蓓蓓，宁 松，吴慧敏，等. 不同性别来源人胚胎干细胞与羊膜间充质干细胞外泌体蛋白质组学与
2026年2月 miRNA谱分析［J］. 南京医科大学学报（自然科学版），2026，46（2）：188-201 ·195 ·

A B C
hESC⁃exo⁃F hESC⁃exo⁃M
hESC⁃exo⁃F vs. hESC⁃exo⁃M Group 1.5
1
0.5
Q9ULK4 ⁃0.5
⁃1 1. Ribosome
⁃1.5
P54826
Coronavirus disease⁃COVID⁃19
Q8N6Y2 hESC⁃exo⁃M
Q8IX01
P21291 P02458
P61247
Systemic lupus erythematosus
value） 4 P67809 Q9UQ80 P62280 Up Alcoholism
（P Down 2. Complement and coagulation 950 2678 44
Normal
-lg 2
cascades
Staphylococcus aureus infection
Protein digestion and absorption hESC⁃exo⁃F
0 Prion disease
-4 -2 0 2 Cholesterol metabolism
2
Log Fold change Rheumatoid arthritis
D hESC⁃exo⁃F unique E hESC⁃exo⁃M unique
P value
Malaria Spliceosome 0.012
African trypanosomiasis P value mRNA surveillance pathway
PI3K⁃Akt signaling pathway Nucleocytoplasmic transport 0.009
Focal adhesion DNA replication
Complement and coagulation cascades 0.075 Other types of O⁃glycan biosynthesis 0.006
ECM⁃receptor interaction 0.050 Endocytosis
Hematopoietic cell lineage Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism 0.003
Non⁃alcoholic fatty liver disease 0.025 Mitophagy⁃animal
Cell adhesion molecules One carbon pool by folate
Antifolate resistance Tight junction
Pathways of neurodegeneration⁃multiple diseases Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis⁃chondroitin sulfate/de... Protein_number
Cytoskeleton in muscle cells Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Coronavirus disease⁃COVID⁃19 Protein_number Nucleotide excision repair 5
Ferroptosis 1 Autophagy⁃other 10
Graft⁃versus⁃host disease Mismatch repair
Intestinal immune network for lga production 2 Base excision repair 15
Prion disease 3 RNA polymerase 20
Cysteine and methionine metabolism Axon guidance
Hedgehog signaling pathway 4 Mucin type O⁃glycan biosynthesis 25
Legionellosis Rheumatoid arthritis
30
0 0.1 0.2 0 0.02 0.04 0.06
Protein ratio Protein Ratio
F Common
Proteasome
Nucleocytoplasmic transport P value
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
Focal adhesion 1.0e⁃06
Coronavirus disease⁃COVID⁃19
Salmonells infection
Endocytosis 5.0e⁃07
Lysosome
Ribosome
Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells
mRNA surveillance pathway
Biosynthesis of amino acids Protein_number
Parkinson disease 40
Amoebiasis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 60
ECM⁃receptor interaction 80
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
Phagosome 100
Shigellosis
0 0.02 0.04 0.06
Protein ratio
A：Volcano diagrams of differentially expressed proteins in hESC⁃exo⁃F vs. hESC⁃exo⁃M. B：Heatmap of the levels of differentially expressed
proteins in hESC⁃exo⁃F and hESC⁃exo⁃M. The significantly enriched pathways are shown on the right. C：Venn diagram of pairwise analysis of hESC⁃exo⁃F
vs. hESC⁃exo⁃M. D，E：KEGG analysis of unique proteins of hESC⁃exo⁃F（D）and hESC⁃exo⁃M（E）when performed their pairwise analysis. F：KEGG
analysis of common proteins in hESC⁃exo⁃F and hESC⁃exo⁃M.
图4 男女株hESC⁃exo蛋白质组比较分析
Figure 4 Pairwise bioinformatics analysis of the proteomes in male and female hESC⁃exo
代谢、HIF⁃1 信号通路、MAPK 信号通路以及 Wnt 信 通路、黏着斑形成、内吞作用、血小板活化、ECM与受体
号通路的调节（图 7E）。以上通路在代谢平衡和免 间的相互作用、Rap1信号通路、甲状腺激素信号传导
疫调节过程中发挥着积极作用。 以及黑素生成等通路（图 7F），与细胞的黏附能力、
男女株hAMSC⁃exo共享miRNA富集于癌症相关 迁移特性、增殖活性以及代谢和免疫功能密切相关。