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第46卷第4期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年4月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·587 ·
·综 述·
线粒体代谢在肿瘤耐药中的研究进展
梅健文,马 啸,王朝霞 *
南京医科大学第二附属医院肿瘤科,江苏 南京 210011
[摘 要] 肿瘤耐药是肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因,其机制与肿瘤细胞在治疗过程中对外界环境的应激性适应密切相关。作为
细胞能量代谢和应激响应的核心,线粒体通过氧化磷酸化激活、活性氧稳态调控、代谢物异常积累以及线粒体动力学改变等,
增强了肿瘤细胞的代谢可塑性和生存优势,成为耐药性形成的关键驱动因子。在现代肿瘤治疗中,靶向线粒体代谢已展示出
逆转耐药的潜力。文章综述了在治疗应激条件下肿瘤细胞线粒体的适应性变化,探讨了线粒体代谢在不同治疗手段中诱导耐
药的多重机制,并回顾了目前正在进行中的线粒体代谢靶向疗法研究。未来线粒体靶向治疗有望从基础研究逐步走向临床应
用,为肿瘤个性化治疗提供新思路。
[关键词] 线粒体代谢;肿瘤耐药;氧化磷酸化;活性氧;肿瘤代谢物
[中图分类号] R730.5 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)04⁃587⁃11
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250710
Research progress of mitochondrial metabolism in tumor drug resistance
*
MEI Jianwen,MA Xiao,WANG Zhaoxia
Department of Oncology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210011,China
[Abstract] Tumor drug resistance is the primary cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy,with its underlying mechanisms closely
related to cancer cells’adaptive responses to environmental stress during treatment. As the central hub of cellular energy metabolism
and stress responses,mitochondria drive drug resistance by enhancing the metabolic plasticity and survival of cancer cells. This is
mediated through mechanisms such as activation of oxidative phosphorylation,regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis,
aberrant metabolite accumulation,and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics,positioning mitochondria as pivotal contributors to
therapeutic resistance. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism has demonstrated significant potential to reverse drug resistance in
contemporary oncology. This article reviews the adaptive mitochondrial changes in tumor cells under therapeutic stress,explores the
multifaceted mechanisms by which mitochondrial metabolism induces resistance across various treatment modalities,and summarizes
ongoing research on mitochondria⁃targeted metabolic therapies. Therefore,future mitochondria⁃targeted interventions are poised to
transition from foundational mechanistic studies to clinical applications,offering novel perspectives for advancing personalized cancer
treatment.
[Key words] mitochondrial metabolism;tumor drug resistance;oxidative phosphorylation;reactive oxygen species;oncometabolite
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(04):587⁃597]
肿瘤耐药已成为癌症治疗中最具挑战性的临 题。因此,研究耐药机制及制定对应策略显得尤为
床问题之一。大多数化疗失败与耐药性的产生相 重要。越来越多的研究表明,肿瘤细胞的代谢重编
关,靶向治疗和免疫治疗同样面临获得性耐药的问 程,尤其是线粒体的功能改变,与其生存和耐药性
的获得密切相关。
[基金项目] 江苏省科教能力提升工程项目;江苏省医学重
肿瘤代谢异质性是耐药形成的关键因素之
点学科建设单位(JSDW202235)
∗ 一。不同的肿瘤细胞亚群往往展现出不同的代谢
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:wangzhaoxia@njmu.
edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃1893⁃371X) 偏好,导致其对治疗的敏感性出现差异。例如,氧

