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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷第4期
·482 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2026年4月
·专题研究:神经系统疾病·
偏头痛药物治疗规范性现状及影响因素分析:一项基于2 028例
患者的横断面研究
李跃文,燕兰云 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院神经内科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 目的:调查偏头痛患者预防性药物治疗的指南遵从性现状,量化评估治疗不足与潜在过度治疗的规模,并分析其相
关影响因素。方法:采用横断面研究设计,纳入2020年1月—2025年8月于南京医科大学第一附属医院头痛专病门诊就诊,且
符合国际头痛疾病分类第3版诊断标准的2 028例偏头痛患者。依据《中国偏头痛诊断与治疗指南(2023版)》及国际头痛学会偏
头痛预防药物治疗全球实践建议,以每月偏头痛天数≥4 d作为预防性治疗指征,并结合实际用药情况分为符合指征组(A组)、
潜在过度治疗组(B组)、规范急性期治疗组(C组)、用药不当组(D组),比较各组临床特征及用药模式差异,并以多因素Logistic
回归分析A组治疗不足的影响因素。结果:2 028例患者中,A组685例(33.8%),其中21.2%(145/685)存在治疗不足;B组、C组
和D组分别为446例(22.0%)、619例(30.5%)和278例(13.7%)。A、B组预防性用药以钙离子拮抗剂和抗癫痫药为主,B组钙离
子拮抗剂使用率高于 A 组(71.3% vs. 40.6%,P < 0.001);急性期药物中,曲普坦类、对乙酰氨基酚、非甾体抗炎药和降钙素
基因相关肽受体拮抗剂在C组使用率最高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,急性期特异性药物使用(调整的OR=1.90,95%CI:
1.27~2.82,P=0.002)和每月偏头痛天数增加(调整的OR=1.02,95%CI:1.00~1.03,P=0.036)与A组治疗不足显著相关。结论:偏
头痛预防性治疗存在明显的“双向不规范”现象,即符合指征患者治疗不足,而不符合指征患者存在潜在过度治疗。临床实践
中应严格把握预防性治疗指征,强化对急性期特异性药物使用者的预防治疗评估,并规范药物选择与头痛分型诊断,以提高指
南遵从性。
[关键词] 偏头痛;预防性治疗;指南遵从性;治疗不足;过度治疗;药物分类
[中图分类号] R747.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)04⁃482⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260072
Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of standardized migraine drug
treatment:a cross⁃sectional study based on 2 028 patients
LI Yuewen,YAN Lanyun *
Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Objective:To investigate guideline adherence to preventive pharmacotherapy in patients with migraine,quantify the
extent of undertreatment and potential overtreatment,and analyze the associated influencing factors. Methods:In this cross⁃sectional
study,2 028 patients with migraine who attended the specialized headache clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical
University between January 2020 and August 2025 and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache
Disorders,3rd edition(ICHD⁃3)were enrolled. According to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine(2023
edition)and the International Headache Society’s global practice recommendations for preventive pharmacological treatment of
migraine,≥4 monthly migraine days was defined as the indication for preventive treatment. Based on treatment indications and actual
medication use,patients were categorized into four groups:indication ⁃ comforming group(Group A),potential overtreatment group
(Group B),appropriate acute treatment group(Group C),and inappropriate medication use group(Group D). Clinical characteristics
and medication patterns were compared among the groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated
with undertreatment in Group A. Results:Among the 2 028 patients,685(33.8%)were assigned to Group A,of whom 21.2%(145/685)
were undertreated. Groups B,C,and D comprised 446(22.0%),619(30.5%),and 278(13.7%)patients,respectively. Preventive
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(81600970)
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:yanlanyun@126.com(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃5736⁃8488)
∗

