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第46卷第4期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2026年4月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·489 ·
·专题研究:神经系统疾病·
人诱导多能干细胞与脑类器官技术在亨廷顿病研究中的应用
陈星伊 ,刘 妍 ,尤卫艳 2*
1
1*
南京医科大学药学院干细胞与神经再生研究所,基础医学院神经生物学系,江苏 南京 211166
1 2
[摘 要] 亨廷顿病(Huntington’s disease,HD)是一种由亨廷顿(Huntingtin,HTT)基因CAG重复序列异常扩增导致的常染色
体显性遗传病,其临床表现为舞蹈样动作、进行性认知障碍及精神症状,目前尚无根治方法。基于传统动物模型和人类组织的
研究虽已揭示突变型HTT蛋白聚集、纹状体神经元选择性丢失等关键病理特征,但在人类细胞特异性致病机制研究方面仍存
在明显局限。基于人诱导多能干细胞(human induced pluripotent stem cell,hiPSC)与脑类器官技术构建人类特异性HD模型,为
阐明疾病发病机制以及开发新型治疗策略提供了革命性研究平台。文章分别回顾HD患者来源的诱导多能干细胞(HD patient⁃
derived induced pluripotent stem cell,HD⁃iPSC)和人脑类器官技术的发展历程,系统介绍HD⁃iPSC及其来源的各类型细胞、各类
型人脑类器官以及类组装体在HD研究中的研究成果和意义,并讨论脑类器官的应用前景与挑战。
[关键词] 诱导多能干细胞;人脑类器官;类组装体;突变型亨廷顿蛋白;亨廷顿病
[中图分类号] R742.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)04⁃489⁃10
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250919
The utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells and brain organoid technologies in
Huntington’s disease research
1*
1
CHEN Xingyi ,LIU Yan ,YOU Weiyan 2*
1 2
Institute of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration,School of Pharmacy,Department of Neurobiology,School of Basic
Medical Sciences,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
[Abstract] Huntington’s disease(HD)is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by the abnormal CAG repeat expansion in
the Huntingtin(HTT)gene. It is clinically characterized by choreiform movements,progressive cognitive impairments,and psychiatric
symptoms,with no cure currently available. Although the research based on traditional animal models and human tissues has revealed
key pathological features such as mutant HTT protein aggregation and selective striatal neuron loss,significant limitations remain in
understanding human ⁃ specific disease mechanisms. The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)and brain
organoid technology has enabled the construction of human ⁃ specific HD models,providing revolutionary platforms for elucidating
pathological mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the developmental trajectories of both
HD patient⁃derived induced pluripotent stem cell(HD⁃iPSC)and human brain organoid technology,highlights the research findings
and significance of HD ⁃ iPSC ⁃ derived cells,various brain organoids,and assembloids in HD research,and discusses the current
challenges and future prospects of brain organoid applications.
[Key words] induced pluripotent stem cell;human brain organoids;assembloids;mutant Huntingtin protein;Huntington’s disease
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(04):489⁃498]
亨廷顿病(Huntington’s disease,HD)是一种常
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82171528);江苏省高校自
染色体显性遗传疾病,其病因是亨廷顿(Huntingtin,
然科学基金(18KJB180017)
HTT)基因中 CAG 三核苷酸重复序列的异常扩增,
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:yanliu@njmu.edu.cn
导致其编码的 HTT 蛋白 N 端带有一段异常延伸的
(ORCID:0000 ⁃ 0003 ⁃ 2918 ⁃ 5398);youweiyan@njmu.edu.cn
(ORCID:0009⁃0002⁃6487⁃9176) 多聚谷氨酰胺(polyglutamine,polyQ)片段,即产生突

