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第46卷第4期 任琼迪,苏凯奇,张 铭. 氨基酸代谢紊乱在卒中后认知障碍中的作用机制及研究进展[J].
2026年4月 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(4):499-511,519 ·507 ·
表1 特定氨基酸代谢通路在PSCI中的作用机制与干预策略
Table 1 Mechanisms and intervention strategies of specific amino acid metabolic pathways in PSCI
Amino Core metabolic pathways/mech⁃
PSCI⁃related effects(injury/protection) Intervention strategies
acid category anisms
BCAA ① Competes LAT1 transporter Dual effects: Regulate BCAA levels(avoid accu⁃
(Leu,Ile,Val) (with AAA); ① Maintains neuronal and glial cell mulation);Combine with metabolic
②Activates the mTOR signaling function and cognitive function at status⁃based interventions
pathway; physiological levels;
③ Impairs mitochondrial func⁃ ② Pathological accumulation inhibits
tion; neurotransmitter synthesis,causes mi⁃
④ Disrupts the gut microbiota ⁃ tochondrial damage,neuroinflamma⁃
liver⁃brain axis tion,and cognitive decline
AAA ① Phe ⁃ Tyr metabolic disorder Metabolic imbalance: Dual inhibition of IDO1/TDO2;Per⁃
(Phe,Tyr,Trp) and damage to the dopamine en⁃ ① Damage the dopamine energy sys⁃ sonalized therapy;Combined appli⁃
ergy system; tem leads to impaired executive func⁃ cation of immune checkpoint inhibi⁃
②Trp⁃Kyn pathway imbalance, tion and working memory; tors;Monitoring of metabolic bio⁃
neuroinflammation,and neuro⁃ ②Neuroinflammation+NMDA excito⁃ markers
degeneration toxicity leads to hippocampal degener⁃
ation
Glu,Gln Neuron⁃astrocyte glutamine⁃glu⁃ Cycle disruption: NMDA antagonists (e.g.,meman⁃
tamate cycle(Glu uptake→Gln ① Acute phase:Glu excitotoxicity→ tine);Transcranial magnetic stimu⁃
synthesis→Glu regeneration) neuronal acute death; lation/high ⁃ pressure oxygen/acu⁃
②Chronic phase:Decreased synaptic puncture;Glu transporter 1 enhanc⁃
plasticity,chronic neuroinflammation→ ers,AMPA antagonists,etc.
cognitive progressive damage
Arg ①NO synthesis pathway(nNOS/ Pathway imbalance:Oxidative⁃nitrosa⁃ Spatiotemporally regulate NOS sub⁃
iNOS/eNOS); tive stress,blood ⁃ brain barrier disrup⁃ type activity;Inhibit Arg1;Supple⁃
②Arg1 pathway tion,vascular dysfunction,and impaired ment Arg;Intervene in polyamine
neural repair → cognitive damage pathways,etc.
Met,Hcy,Cys Met cycle→SAH hydrolysis→ Metabolic disorder:Multi ⁃ stage dam⁃ Reduce Hcy(B vitamins + lifestyle
Hcy metabolism→GSH synthe⁃ age(pre ⁃ stroke vulnerability→acute interventions);Increase GSH(N ⁃
sis pathway phase damage→chronic phase vicious acetylcysteine,Nrf2 activators) ;
cycle)→cognitive decline Zinc and selenium supplementa⁃
tion;Supplement methyl donors,etc.
问题亟待解决。文章在总结当前研究局限性的基 础疾病等关键变量缺乏统一标准,影响研究结果的
础上,从机制探索、技术创新和临床转化3个维度提 可比性;技术平台相对单一,多数研究依赖传统的
出未来发展方向,为 PSCI 的精准干预提供新的思 血液或脑脊液代谢组学检测,对脑区特异性代谢分
路。当前研究的局限性主要体现在3方面:首先,机 析等精准技术的应用较少;尚未广泛开展单细胞水
制研究碎片化,现有研究多聚焦于单一氨基酸或单 平的代谢解析,难以揭示细胞亚群层面的代谢差异
一代谢通路,忽略了氨基酸与微量元素、肠道菌群 及其与认知障碍的关联;多组学数据的整合程度不
之间的交互作用,缺乏对整体代谢调控网络的系统 足,未能将代谢组学与基因组学、转录组学等其他
性解析;同时,对卒中从急性期到慢性期的氨基酸 组学信息深度融合,限制了对PSCI代谢调控网络的
代谢演变规律尚未明确,且对不同细胞类型在代谢 系统认知。最后,临床转化效果有限。已探索的诊
紊乱中的特异性作用机制缺乏清晰认识。其次,研 断标志物在敏感性和特异性上仍有欠缺,受样本
究方法层面存在明显局限。研究人群的异质性控 量、检测方法等因素影响,其临床应用的稳定性和
制不足,不同研究中患者的卒中类型、病程阶段、基 可靠性有待进一步验证;针对代谢紊乱的干预策略

