Page 44 - 南京医科大学自然版
P. 44
南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷第4期
·512 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2026年4月
·专题研究:神经系统疾病·
Ataxin⁃3介导的蛋白质稳态失衡在神经退行性疾病中的作用研
究进展
范 雪,谢鹏宇,侯 霞 *
佳木斯大学基础医学院遗传学教研室,黑龙江 佳木斯 154007
[摘 要] 神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative disease,NDD)是一类以神经元进行性丧失和功能衰退为特征的慢性疾病,包括
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
ALS)和脊髓小脑性共济失调3型(spinocerebellar ataxia type 3,SCA3)等。Ataxin⁃3是一种重要的去泛素化酶,通过编辑底物的
泛素链构型参与蛋白质稳态调控。在生理状态下,Ataxin⁃3由Josephin结构域、泛素结合基序和多聚谷氨酰胺(polyglutamine,
polyQ)序列组成,通过去泛素化功能调节泛素⁃蛋白酶体系统、自噬⁃溶酶体通路及内质网相关降解,进而维持细胞稳态。然而,
当ATXN3基因的CAG重复序列异常扩增(>40次)时,Ataxin⁃3的polyQ片段延长,导致蛋白错误折叠、聚集并形成毒性包涵体,
驱动SCA3的发生。此外,Ataxin⁃3的功能紊乱还与其他NDD密切相关:在AD中,其与tau蛋白的异常聚集和氧化应激相互促
进;在PD中,突变型Ataxin⁃3通过干扰Parkin介导的泛素化⁃蛋白酶体通路,加剧α⁃突触核蛋白的毒性聚集;在ALS中,Ataxin⁃3
通过水解SOD1的K63泛素链,促进其自噬清除,发挥神经保护作用。这种“双重性”表明,Ataxin⁃3既是SCA3的致病因子,也
可能成为其他NDD的潜在治疗靶点。未来研究需进一步解析Ataxin⁃3在NDD中的分子网络,开发针对其功能调控的小分子
药物或基因疗法,为NDD的精准干预提供新策略。
[关键词] Ataxin⁃3;神经退行性疾病;去泛素化;蛋白质稳态;神经炎症
[中图分类号] R741.02 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)04⁃512⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN251358
Research progress on the role of Ataxin ⁃ 3 mediated protein homeostasis disruption in
neurodegenerative diseases
*
FAN Xue,XIE Pengyu,HOU Xia
Department of Genetics,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China
[Abstract] Neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs)are a group of chronic diseases characterized by progressive neuronal loss and
functional decline,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and spiny
cerebellar ataxia type 3(SCA3). Ataxin⁃3 is an important deubiquitinating enzyme,which participates in the regulation of protein
homeostasis by editing the ubiquitin chain configuration of the substrate. In the physiological state,Ataxin⁃3 is composed of Josephin
domain,ubiquitin binding motif and polyglutamine(polyQ)sequence. Ataxin⁃3 regulates the ubiquitin⁃proteasome system,autophagy⁃
lysosomal pathway and endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation by deubiquitination function to maintain cell homeostasis.
However,when the CAG repeat of ATXN3 gene is abnormally expanded(>40 times),the polyQ segment of Ataxin⁃3 is extended,
which leads to protein misfolding,aggregation,and formation of toxic inclusion body,driving the occurrence of SCA3. In addition,
Ataxin⁃3 dysfunction is closely related to other NDDs:in AD,it promotes with abnormal aggregation of tau protein and oxidative stress;
Ataxin⁃3 mutant aggravated the toxic aggregation of α⁃synuclein by interfering with the Parkin⁃mediated ubiquitin⁃proteasome pathway
in PD. Ataxin⁃3 plays a neuroprotective role in ALS by hydrolyzating the K63 ubiquitin chain of SOD1 and promoting its autophagic
clearance. This“duality”suggests that Ataxin⁃3 is both a causative agent of SCA3 and a potential therapeutic target for other NDDs. In
[基金项目] 黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2020H003);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(2023⁃KYYWF⁃0596);
佳木斯大学“东极”学术团队建设(DJXSTD202403)
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:houxia@jmsu.edu.cn(ORCID:0009⁃0001⁃8951⁃8900)
∗

