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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷第4期
·540 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2026年4月
·临床研究·
GDF⁃15:冠状动脉慢血流现象的无创预警新靶标
尹燕奎 ,伦立民 ,贾丰豪 ,徐龙强 ,刘 振 ,侯宝煜 ,张学志 1*
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青岛大学附属医院心血管内科,检验科,山东 青岛 266700;西安医学院,陕西 西安 710021;青岛大学附属医院研究
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所,山东 青岛 266071
[摘 要] 目的:冠状动脉慢血流(coronary slow flow phenomenon,CSFP)是冠脉造影无狭窄但血流延迟的病理状态,易引发心绞
痛和心血管事件;当前诊断高度依赖有创检查,尚缺乏简便、有效的无创预测手段。本研究旨在探讨血清生长分化因子⁃15
(growth differentiation factor 15,GDF⁃15)在CSFP中的表达水平及其预测价值,以期为当前依赖有创冠状动脉造影(金标准)的
诊断模式提供替代方案。方法:纳入2023年12月—2024年6月于青岛大学附属医院接受冠状动脉造影的患者,术中血管无明
显异常者纳入正常组(n=42),血流延迟但无狭窄者纳入CSFP组(n=69)。收集患者临床资料及术前1 d血清,采用酶联免疫吸
附法(enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)统一检测术前血清GDF⁃15水平,进行Logistic回归并检验共线性;采用受试者
工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估诊断效能并进行交叉验证与Bootstrap内部验证。结果:CSFP组GDF⁃15
水平显著高于正常组[957.01(716.27,1 373.16)ng/L vs. 745.14(585.43,812.41)ng/L,z=-4.14,P < 0.001]。单因素和多因素
Logistic 回归分析显示在调整体重指数(body mass index,BMI)等混杂因素后,GDF⁃15 浓度每增加 1 个自然对数单位(即浓
度升高约 2.718 倍),CSFP 风险增加 14.06 倍(95%CI:1.82~68.76,P < 0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high⁃density lipoprotein
cholesterol,HDL⁃C)每增加1 mmol/L,CSFP风险降低16%(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.07~0.34,P < 0.05)。ROC分析显示,GDF⁃15诊断
CSFP的AUC为0.791,联合HDL⁃C后AUC提升至0.953,且灵敏度由57.97%提高至91.30%,交叉验证和Bootstrap提示cut⁃off总
体稳定。结论:GDF⁃15在CSFP患者中显著升高,具有良好的无创预警能力。其与HDL⁃C联合建立的模型大幅提升了诊断准
确性,有望为CSFP提供便捷、高效的筛查工具,减少对有创冠脉造影的依赖。
[关键词] 生长分化因子⁃15;冠状动脉;微循环;冠状动脉造影;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
[中图分类号] R543.3 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)04⁃540⁃11
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250871
GDF⁃15:a novel non⁃invasive early warning target for coronary slow flow phenomenon
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YIN Yankui ,LUN Limin ,JIA Fenghao ,XU Longqiang ,LIU Zhen ,HOU Baoyu ,ZHANG Xuezhi 1*
Department of Cardiology,Department of Laboratory Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,
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Qingdao 266700;Xi’an Medical University,Xi’an 710021;Institute of Medical Research,the Affiliated Hospital of
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Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China
[Abstract] Objective:Coronary slow flow phenomenon(CSFP)is a pathological condition characterized by delayed coronary blood
flow in the absence of significant stenosis on coronary angiography,which predisposes patients to angina pectoris and cardiovascular
events. Current diagnosis relies heavily on invasive investigations,and simple,effective non⁃invasive predictive tools are lacking. This
study aimed to investigate the expression levels of serum growth differentiation factor⁃15(GDF⁃15)in CSFP and evaluate its predictive
value,with the goal of providing an alternative to the current diagnostic paradigm dependent on invasive coronary angiography(the gold
standard). Methods:Patients undergoing coronary angiography at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled between
December 2023 to June 2024. Those with angiographically normal coronary arteries were assigned to the normal group(n=42),while
patients exhibiting delayed coronary flow without significant stenosis comprised the CSFP group(n=69). The serum GDF⁃15 levels
from the day before the surgery were measured using enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Logistic regression was performed
and collinearity was examined;diagnostic efficacy was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and cross ⁃
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82401032);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QH121)
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:zhangxuezhi@qdyhospital.cn(ORCID:0009⁃0006⁃3466⁃2936)
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