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第46卷第6期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                  2026年6月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)    ·873  ·


               ·临床研究·

                基于19 599例大样本的早产儿与足月儿代谢谱差异分析



                王海军 ,王圣雯 ,杨 欣 ,林小飞 ,欧明明 ,王玉美                      4*
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                       1,2
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                徐州医科大学第一临床医学院,江苏                徐州    221000;南京医科大学康达学院附属涟水县人民医院儿科,江苏                       淮安
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                223000;徐州医科大学淮安妇幼临床学院儿童康复科,新生儿疾病筛查中心,儿科,江苏 淮安                              223000
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               [摘   要] 目的:通过检测新生儿血氨基酸、肉碱和琥珀酰丙酮等代谢指标,分析其相关影响因素,并寻找早产儿和足月儿之
                间的差异代谢物及代谢通路,为早产儿临床干预提供依据。方法:研究对象为2023年7月—2024年6月于江苏省淮安市各医
                疗保健机构分娩的新生儿19 599例,按出生胎龄分成两组,其中早产儿组(28周≤出生胎龄<37周)1 107例,足月儿组(37周≤
                出生胎龄<42周)18 492例。于新生儿出生后7 d内采集滤纸干血片,应用串联质谱技术检测血液代谢指标,使用Spearman秩
                相关分析性别、胎龄以及出生体重与代谢指标间的相关性,采用t检验和偏最小二乘法判别分析鉴定组间具有显著差异的代谢
                物,并对两种方法获取的差异代谢物取交集,得到可能有生物学意义的潜在生物标志物。使用京都基因与基因组百科全书
               (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库进行通路富集分析,获得差异代谢通路。结果:多种血氨基酸和肉碱
                代谢指标与新生儿性别、出生胎龄和出生体重存在显著相关性(P < 0.05)。早产儿和足月儿两组间共筛选出18种显著差异代
                谢物,其中有8种在早产儿组表达上调,包括游离肉碱、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸等;10种代谢物下调,包括丙氨酸、甘氨酸、癸酰肉碱
                等。以上差异代谢物共涉及17条代谢通路,包括精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成,苯丙氨酸代
                谢,不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,脂肪酸降解,脂肪酸生物合成等。结论:新生儿血中氨基酸及肉碱水平与性别、胎龄、出生体重
                显著相关。早产儿与足月儿存在明确代谢差异,这些差异可能影响氨基酸与脂肪酸代谢过程。
               [关键词] 代谢组学;早产儿;氨基酸;肉碱;新生儿筛查;串联质谱
               [中图分类号] R722.6                   [文献标志码] A                       [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)06⁃873⁃12
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN251197



                Analysis of metabolic profile differences between preterm and full⁃term infants based on
                19 599 cases
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                WANG Haijun ,WANG Shengwen ,YANG Xin ,LIN Xiaofei ,OU Mingming ,WANG Yumei
                The First Clinical Medical College,Xuzhou Medical University,Xuzhou 221000;Department of Pediatrics,Lianshui
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                People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University,Huai’an 223000;Department of
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                Children’s Rehabilitation,Neonatal Disease Screening Center,Department of Pediatrics,Huai’an Maternity and
                Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University,Huai’an 223000,China

               [Abstract] Objective:To investigate the metabolic profiles of blood amino acids,carnitines,and succinylacetone in neonates,
                analyze their influencing factors,and identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways between preterm and full⁃term infants,
                thereby providing a basis for clinical intervention in preterm infants. Methods:A total of 19 599 neonates delivered at medical and
                healthcare institutions in Huai’an City,Jiangsu Province from July 2023 to June 2024 were enrolled. According to gestational age,they
                were divided into two groups:the preterm group(28 weeks≤gestational age<37 weeks,n=1 107)and the full⁃term group(37 weeks ≤
                gestational age < 42 weeks,n=18 492). Dried blood spot samples were collected within 7 days after birth. Tandem mass spectrometry
                was used to measure blood metabolic parameters. Spearman rank correlation analysis was applied to examine the correlations among
                sex,gestational age,birth weight,and metabolic parameters. The t test and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS⁃DA)were
                used to identify significantly different metabolites between the two groups,and the intersection of the differential metabolites obtained
                by the two methods was selected as potential biologically significant biomarkers. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the

               [基金项目] 江苏省卫生健康委员会妇幼保健科研项目(F202220);淮安市科技项目(自然科学研究)(HAB2024040)
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:13770357882@yzu.edu.cn(ORCID:0009⁃0000⁃2957⁃8242)
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