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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                 第46卷第9期
               ·1294 ·                    Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)  2026年9月


             ·专题研究:内分泌代谢性疾病·

              C肽在1型糖尿病周围神经病变中的保护机制和临床前景



              胡羽珊,王远远,潘寅兵           *
              南京医科大学第一附属医院麻醉与围术期医学科,江苏 南京                       210029




             [摘    要] C肽是胰岛素原裂解的副产物,近年研究发现其在1型糖尿病周围神经病变中具有多效保护作用。根据目前的研
              究,通过激活一氧化氮合酶、Na /K ⁃ATP酶、抑制核因子κB通路等生理机制,C肽不仅能改善神经血流、减轻轴突损伤,还具有
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              抗氧化和抗凋亡作用;除分子水平机制外,动物实验表明,C肽能显著改善1型糖尿病大鼠的神经传导速度、神经周围血流量和
              结构异常;同时临床试验也表明,C肽替代疗法可以改善1型糖尿病患者的神经传导速度和振动感觉,长效制剂Peg⁃C肽在1型
              糖尿病周围神经病变中具有良好应用前景。综上,C肽在1型糖尿病周围神经病变中具备潜在保护作用和临床应用前景。尽
              管目前已证实C肽可以有效改善神经功能,但其改善神经性疼痛的机制尚未明确。此外,C肽针对神经性疼痛症状的疗效、给
              药剂量与用药疗程均有待进一步研究明确。
             [关键词] C肽;周围神经病变;1型糖尿病
             [中图分类号] R587.1                   [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)09⁃1294⁃09
              doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260282



              The protective mechanism and clinical prospects of C⁃peptide in peripheral neuropathy in
              type 1 diabetes mellitus

              HU Yushan,WANG Yuanyuan,PAN Yinbing   *
              Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University,
              Nanjing 210029,China



             [Abstract] Objective:The C⁃peptide is a by⁃product of proinsulin cleavage with recently identified probable pleiotropic protective
              effects in type 1 diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). Up to now,through its physiological mechanisms like activating nitric oxide
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              synthase,Na /K ⁃ATPase and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa⁃B pathway,C⁃peptide can not only improve nerve blood flow and alleviate
              axonal injury,but also have antioxidant and anti⁃apoptotic effects. Apart from the molecular mechanism level,animal experiments
              showed that C⁃peptide could significantly improve nerve conduction velocity,blood flow and structural abnormalities in diabetic rats.
              Clinical trials have also shown that C ⁃ peptide replacement therapy improves nerve conduction velocity and vibration sensation in
              patients,and the long⁃acting formulation Peg⁃C peptide has more promise. Therefore,C⁃peptide may have a potential protective effect
              and clinical application prospect in type 1DPN. Although it has been proven that C ⁃ peptide has an effective role in improving
              neurological function,its mechanism in the treatment of neuropathic pain has not yet been specifically elucidated. Furthermore,its
              effect on neuropathic pain symptoms,optimal dosing regimen,and effect on intraepidermalnerve fiber density(IENFD)still need
              further study.
             [Key words] C⁃peptide;peripheral neuropathy;type 1 diabetes
                                                                          [J Nanjing Med Univ,2026,46(09):1294⁃1302]




                                                                     国际糖尿病联盟(International DiabetesFedera⁃
             [基金项目] 伊犁与江苏省联合卫生研究院江苏省联合项目                        tion,IDF)数据显示,目前全球成年糖尿病(diabetes
                                                                mellitus,DM)患者已达 5.37 亿(患病率约 9.8%),预
             (yl2022ms02);江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(MS2025117)
              ∗                                                 计到2045年将增至7.83亿;DM相关的年死亡人数超
               通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:panyinbing@sina.
                                                                        [1]
              com(ORCID:0000⁃0003⁃4102⁃2962)                    过400万 。糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral
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