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2025年6月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences） · 271
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The challenges and possible solutions of exercising informed consent
rights on behalf of close relatives of patients

MEI Chunying
School of Marxism，Binzhou Medical University，Yantai 264003，China
Abstract：In the healthcare decision⁃making system，the patient is the primary subject to exercise the right
of informed consent. However，under special circumstances such as when the patient lacks of consent ability，
when protective medical practice is implemented，or express authorization，close relatives may exercise the
right of informed consent on behalf of the patient in accordance with the law. Nevertheless，the exercise of the
right of informed consent by close relatives faces three practical challenges. Firstly， current laws do not clearly
define the scope of close relatives and lack provisions on the order of proxy. Secondly，there may be
disagreements between close relatives and the patient regarding the best interests of the patient. Thirdly，there
is a lack of effective remedies for close relatives to abuse their proxy right of informed consent. To establish a
scientifically reasonable proxy decision ⁃ making mechanism，it is essential to adopt the decision ⁃ making
principle centered on the“best interests of the patient”. The scope and proxy order of the patient's close
relatives should be further clarified. This study also proposes to develop a resolution mechanism for resolving
conflicts of opinion among close relatives of patients and establish relief proceedings for cases involving abuse of
proxy rights.
Key words：informed consent rights；patient’s close relatives；capacity to consent；protective treatment；

best interest of patient