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2026年6月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences）of Nanjing Medical University（Social Sciences） · 287
Journal
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2024，24（4）：359-368 （本文编辑：姜 鑫）
The dilemmas and solutions of applying medical malpractice liability
to diagnostic⁃support AI
ZHANG Xiaomei
College of Humanities and Law，Zhejiang A&F University，Hangzhou 311300，China
Abstract：Diagnostic⁃support AI has undergone a technological leap from being rule⁃driven to data⁃driven.
Its inherent autonomous decision ⁃ making capacity，an algorithmic black ⁃ box nature，and dynamic evolution
pose structural challenges to the traditional medical malpractice liability system，which is centered on the
prevailing medical standard. To address these challenges， the use of diagnostic ⁃ support AI should be
characterized as the adoption of a new medical treatment to establish its legal basis. It is necessary to clarify
that its outputs are not directly equivalent to the prevailing medical standard，and that the implications of this
standard will also evolve. On this basis，this paper constructs a dynamic fault⁃determination framework centered
on the duty of prudent reassessment. This framework shifts the focus of assessment to evaluate whether
healthcare professionals have fulfilled their duties of prudent use and substantive verification of algorithmic
outputs，thereby responding to the needs of liability determination in the current human⁃computer collaboration
model and achieving a normative balance between technological innovation and patient safety protection.
Key words：diagnostic⁃support AI；prevailing medical standard；medical fault；duty of prudent reassessment
