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2026年6月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences) · 309
Journal
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A review of patient assistance program models toward a collaborative
philanthropy pathway
1
1
1
2,3
WANG Zixin ,HE Aiping ,XU Xiaoxin ,CHEN Ren ,WANG Li 1
1. School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 231200;2. School of Government,3. China Philanthropy
Research Institute,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
Abstract:With the rising disease burden in China and limited medical insurance coverage,the patient
assistance program(PAP)has become a crucial supplement to the multi⁃level medical security system. This paper
systematically reviews the development and typical models of patient assistance programs(PAPs)domestically
and globally. Building on analyses of international experiences,including the U.S. multi ⁃ product bundled
assistance,patient support under the UK’s National Health Service(NHS)system,corporate supplementary
services under Germany’s statutory health insurance,and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme(PBS),
the paper summarizes the implementation characteristics of three mainstream models in China: co⁃assistance,
free drugs,and financial aid. The paper further examines the practical dilemma in domestic drug donations of
blurred boundaries between charitable intent and marketing objectives,revealing underlying contradictions at
both institutional and operational levels. Accordingly,the paper proposes collaborative philanthropy as an
innovative path for collaborative governance. By promoting multi ⁃ source joint donations, establishing a
centralized drug pool,and improving the supporting policy system,the approach aims to enhance drug
accessibility and strengthen the public interest attributes of PAPs,thus providing a theoretical reference for the
optimization and innovation of China’s pharmaceutical charity system.
Key words:drug;patient assistance program;charitable donations;collaborative philanthropy

