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第3期 总第134期                           南京医科大学学报(社会科学版)京医科大学学报(社会科学版)                             ·
                                                    南
                 2026年6月                      Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)  · 309
                                              Journal
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                A review of patient assistance program models toward a collaborative
                                                philanthropy pathway


                                                        1
                                             1
                                                                                 1
                                                                    2,3
                                  WANG Zixin ,HE Aiping ,XU Xiaoxin ,CHEN Ren ,WANG Li      1
                 1. School of Health Management,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 231200;2. School of Government,3. China Philanthropy
                                     Research Institute,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
                   Abstract:With the rising disease burden in China and limited medical insurance coverage,the patient
               assistance program(PAP)has become a crucial supplement to the multi⁃level medical security system. This paper
               systematically reviews the development and typical models of patient assistance programs(PAPs)domestically
               and globally. Building on analyses of international experiences,including the U.S. multi ⁃ product bundled
               assistance,patient support under the UK’s National Health Service(NHS)system,corporate supplementary
               services under Germany’s statutory health insurance,and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme(PBS),
               the paper summarizes the implementation characteristics of three mainstream models in China: co⁃assistance,
               free drugs,and financial aid. The paper further examines the practical dilemma in domestic drug donations of
               blurred boundaries between charitable intent and marketing objectives,revealing underlying contradictions at
               both institutional and operational levels. Accordingly,the paper proposes collaborative philanthropy as an
               innovative path for collaborative governance. By promoting multi ⁃ source joint donations, establishing a
               centralized drug pool,and improving the supporting policy system,the approach aims to enhance drug
               accessibility and strengthen the public interest attributes of PAPs,thus providing a theoretical reference for the
               optimization and innovation of China’s pharmaceutical charity system.
                   Key words:drug;patient assistance program;charitable donations;collaborative philanthropy
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