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第43卷第8期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2023年8月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·1161 ·
·综 述·
东莨菪碱的中枢药理机制研究进展
汤景翔,王 青,雷 鹏 *
四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
[摘 要] 东莨菪碱(scopolamine)是一种天然莨菪烷生物碱,于1880年从东莨菪中分离纯化,是最早发现的竞争性胆碱能受
体拮抗剂之一。相比于阿托品等同类药物,东莨菪碱对血脑屏障的通透性更强,且在中枢神经系统中可长期滞留并发挥药理
作用。东莨菪碱被广泛用于晕动症、麻醉镇痛等,并在抑郁症等疾病中有广阔的应用前景。另一方面,东莨菪碱在一定剂量下
会损伤认知、学习记忆和注意力等中枢神经系统功能,限制其临床用药。东莨菪碱的中枢神经系统毒性亦被广泛应用于健忘
症和谵妄等动物模型研究,成为研究中枢胆碱能系统的重要工具。文章梳理了东莨菪碱的化学结构与分类,总结了其在中枢
神经系统中的临床用药与毒性,讨论了其在胆碱能功能研究和临床前研究中的应用,以及中枢神经系统毒性所引发的争议,并
针对东莨菪碱在中枢系统疾病的应用前景做了展望。
[关键词] 东莨菪碱;中枢神经系统;胆碱能;认知障碍;谵妄
[中图分类号] R338.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2023)08⁃1161⁃11
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNS20230819
Advances in the central pharmacological mechanism of scopolamine
TANG Jingxiang,WANG Qing,LEI Peng *
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China
[Abstract] Scopolamine,a natural tropane alkaloid,was isolated in 1880 from Scopolia japonica and is considered one of the earliest
discovered competitive cholinergic receptor antagonists. Compared to other drugs with similar effects,such as atropine,scopolamine
exhibits greater permeability across the blood ⁃ brain barrier and can remain in the central nervous system longer to exert
pharmacological effects. Scopolamine is widely utilized in the treatment of motion sickness,anesthesia,and pain relief,and may be
broadly applied to diseases,such as depression. On the other hand,scopolamine can impair central nervous system functions,such as
cognition,learning and memory,and attention,which limits its clinical use. Additionally,the neurotoxicity of scopolamine has been
widely used in animal models of amnesia and delirium and has become an important tool for studying the central cholinergic system.
This review outlines the chemical structure and classification of scopolamine,summarizes its clinical use and toxicity in the central
nervous system,discusses its application in cholinergic function research and preclinical studies,as well as the controversy
surrounding its central nervous system toxicity. We also provided an outlook for the potential use of scopolamine in central nervous
system diseases.
[Key words] scopolamine;central nervous system;cholinergic;cognitive disorder;delirium
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2023,43(08):1161⁃1171]
东莨菪碱是一种广泛用于临床的莨菪烷生物 的血脑屏障透过性,因此能够更好地作用于中枢神
碱,通过非选择性、竞争性地拮抗毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱 经系统 [1-2] ,是中枢胆碱能系统功能研究的重要工
受体(muscarinic acetylcholine receptor,mAChR),在 具。胆碱能系统参与前庭中枢的信号转导,从而调
[1]
外周和中枢神经系统发挥广泛的抗胆碱能效应 。 节视知觉与体感知觉的平衡并与晕动症的发生有关,
相较于其他胆碱能受体拮抗剂,东莨菪碱具有良好 因此东莨菪碱是临床治疗晕动症的一线疗法 。胆
[3]
[基金项目] 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2500100) 碱能系统也参与情绪的控制,特别是杏仁核的胆碱
[4]
∗ 能信号参与焦虑和抑郁等情绪的调节 ,而东莨菪
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:peng.lei@scu.edu.cn