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第44卷第10期              季海滨,堵俊杰. 脂肪源性细胞外囊泡在糖尿病心脏缺血⁃再灌注损伤中的调控
                 2024年10月              作用[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2024,44(10):1419-1427,1455                ·1425 ·


               (sphingosine⁃1⁃phosphate/sphingosine kinase1/sphin⁃     2021,18(4):291-304
                gosine⁃1⁃phosphate receptor1,S1P/SK1/S1PR1)信号    [3] FANG M,ECHOUFFO ⁃ TCHEUGUI J B,SELVIN E.
                通路并促进巨噬细胞向 M2 型极化,从而改善心                                Prevalence and management of obesity in U.S. adults
                肌梗死后的心脏损伤。环状 RNA(circularRNA,                          with type 1 diabetes[J]. Ann Intern Med,2023,176(9):
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                circRNA)在急性心肌梗死后EV 介导的心肌保护作
                                                                 [4] LAZAR I,CLEMENT E,DAUVILLIER S,et al. Adipo⁃
                用中也起着重要作用。Zhou 等            [71] 研究表明,ADSC
                                                                       cyte exosomes promote melanoma aggressiveness through
                衍生的EV中有大量circ_0001747,circ_0001747可通
                                                                       fatty acid oxidation:a novel mechanism linking obesity
                过靶向 miR⁃199b⁃3p/髓细胞白血病基因⁃1(myeloid
                                                                       and cancer[J]. Cancer Res,2016,76(14):4051-4057
                cell leukemia 1,MCL1)轴而减轻缺氧/再氧诱导的心               [5] THOMOU T,MORI M A,DREYFUSS J M,et al. Adipose⁃
                肌细胞损伤。另外,Nakamura 等          [72] 的研究表明,在              derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in
                小鼠压力过载的心衰模型中,静脉注射间质干细                                  other tissues[J]. Nature,2017,542(7642):450-455
                胞的心脏保护特性主要取决于小鼠循环中的脂联                            [6] FLAHERTY S E 3RD,GRIJALVA A,XU X Y,et al. A
                素。脂联素通过与 T⁃钙黏蛋白结合刺激间充质干                                lipase⁃independent pathway of lipid release and immune
                细胞产生和分泌EV,这一环节是心脏保护的关键。                                modulation by adipocytes[J]. Science,2019,363(6430):
                                                                       989-993
                4 结论与展望                                          [7] WADEY R M,CONNOLLY K D,MATHEW D,et al.
                                                                       Inflammatory adipocyte ⁃ derived extracellular vesicles
                    AdEV 在糖尿病心脏与脂肪组织之间的相互作
                                                                       promote leukocyte attachment to vascular endothelial
                用中发挥关键的作用,尤其是在调控糖尿病心脏I/R
                                                                       cells[J]. Atherosclerosis,2019,283:19-27
                损伤方面。值得注意的是,AdEV 能够促进线粒体
                                                                 [8] YAN C H,TIAN X X,LI J Y,et al. A high⁃fat diet attenu⁃
                转运,并且巨噬细胞也参与了这一过程。细胞间线                                 ates AMPK α1 in adipocytes to induce exosome shedding
                粒体转运及其调控有望成为糖尿病心脏I/R损伤的                                and non⁃alcoholic fatty liver development in vivo[J]. Dia⁃
                有效治疗策略,而线粒体移植和脂肪干细胞来源的                                 betes,2021,70(2):577-588
                EV疗法均展现出巨大的治疗前景。                                 [9] LI F,LI H X,JIN X X,et al. Adipose⁃specific knockdown
                    然而,目前 AdEV 的提取与纯化仍面临巨大挑                            of Sirt1 results in obesity and insulin resistance by pro⁃
                战,并且能够特异性减少 AdEV 释放的基因工具仍                              moting exosomes release[J]. Cell Cycle,2019,18(17):
                然稀缺。此外,追踪 AdEV 介导的线粒体转运也是                              2067-2082
                                                                 [10]CREWE C,BRESTOFF J R. Burning fat to fuel EVs[J].
                一个技术难题。线粒体转运的分子机制尚未完全
                                                                       Diabetes,2023,72(11):1521-1523
                阐明,组织常驻巨噬细胞和溶酶体在这一过程中扮
                                                                 [11]LIU Y,TAN J,OU S Y,et al. Adipose⁃derived exosomes
                演着怎样的角色?这些问题仍值得探究。未来的
                                                                       deliver miR⁃23a/b to regulate tumor growth in hepatocel⁃
                研究应重点关注急性期和慢性期糖尿病小鼠I/R模
                                                                       lular cancer by targeting the VHL/HIF axis[J]. J Physiol
                型之间的差异,并更多聚焦于糖尿病慢性期的实验                                 Biochem,2019,75(3):391-401
                模型。考虑到心外膜脂肪组织等特殊脂肪库结构                            [12]KRANENDONK M E,VISSEREN F L,VAN BALKOM B
                的复杂性和生物学作用的差异性,未来的研究应深                                 W,et al. Human adipocyte extracellular vesicles in recip⁃
                入探讨 AdEV 对这些特殊脂肪库的影响。综上,关                              rocal signaling between adipocytes and macrophages[J].
                于AdEV介导的氧化损伤线粒体碎片的转运与糖尿                                Obesity,2014,22(5):1296-1308
                病心脏缺血预处理保护效应的研究具有重要的科                            [13]JUNG Y J,KIM H K,CHO Y,et al. Cell reprogramming
                学价值和应用前景。                                              using extracellular vesicles from differentiating stem cells
                                                                       into white/beige adipocytes[J]. Sci Adv,2020,6(13):
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